Summary: General Medicine - Neurology

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• Neurology

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• Alzheimer’s disease

  a progressive and irreversible brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually the ability to carry out the simplest tasks.

• Symptoms Alzheimer's disease

  • memory problems -- mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
    
  • difficulties and problems with the sense of smell
    
  • decline in non-memory aspects of cognition e.a. word-finding, spatial issues
    
  • research is being performed on potential biomarkers for the early detection of Alzheimer’s, however this is not reliable yet

• Diagnosis Alzheimer's disease

  • asking questions about overall health, past medical problems, ability to carry out daily activities, and changes in behaviour and personality
    
  • conduct test of memory, problem solving, attention, counting and language
    
  • carry out standard medical tests such as blood and urine test to identify other possible causes of the problem.
    
  • perform brain scans such as CT, MRI, PET

• Treatment Alzheimer's disease

  • it is a complex disease, so nowadays no real treatment or intervention for the curation
    
  • current approach is to maintain mental function, and delay the symptoms of disease
    
  • some drugs are approved and used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s -- these drugs work by regulating neurotransmitters

• Symptoms Parkinson (idiopathic)

  • tremor -- shaking, is more likely to occur when the limb is relaxed and resting
    
  • bradykinesia - slowness of movement
    
  • rigidity - muscle stiffness, making it difficult to make facial expressions and can result in painful muscle cramps
    
  • balance problems
    
  • loss of sense of smell
    

• Diagnose Parkinson (idiopathic)

  • hard to diagnose, but it is likely that you have parkinson’s disease when you have at least two of the following three symptoms;
    
  • tremor
    
  • bradykinesia
    
  • rigidity - muscle stiffness

• Treatment Parkinson (idiopathic)

  there are treatments that help to relieve symptoms and maintain your quality of life. such as physiotherapy, medication and surgery, diet advice

• Symptoms Bell's Palsy

  • sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of your face
    
  • drooling
    
  • eye problems, such as excessive tearing
    
  • loss of ability to taste
    
  • pain in or behind your ear
    
  • numbness of the affected side of your face
    
  • increased sensitivity to sound

• Diagnose Bell's Palsy

  • history questions
    
  • physical and neurological exam to check the facial nerve function
    
  • if the cause is not clear blood tests, an MRI or CT can performed

• Treatment Bell's Palsy

  • most people who have Bell’s palsy recover completely without treatment in 1 to 2 months
    
  • corticosteroids
    
  • antiviral medicines