Translation of mRNA - The genetic basis for protein synthesis
13 important questions on Translation of mRNA - The genetic basis for protein synthesis
How is the RNA transcribed form a protein-encoding gene called?
Who first suggested the idea that a relationship exists between genes and the production of proteins, and when?
What did Garrod study?
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Why did Garrod think that the defect in the enzyme was caused by a genetic disorder?
- The patient must have inherited the mutant gene from both parents
- Therefore, Garrod proposed that a relationship exists between the inheritance of the trait and the inheritance of a defective enzyme.
Which two geneticists started an experimental system in the 1940s, to discover the relationship between genes, enzymes and traits?
What was the underlying assumption behind the approach of Beadle and Tatum?
Which organism did Beadle and Tatum use in their experiments?
Which 5 types of Neurospora crassa did Beadle and Tatum use?
What was the hypothesis of Beadle and Tatum?
How was the experiment set up?
- The researchers used five different plates. In the first, they added only the minimum set of nutrients that is required for growth. In the other 4, they added the minimal media and one of the intermediates of the synthesis of methionine.
What were the results of Beadle and Tatum?
- When O-acetylhomoserine was added, one of the mutant strains was also able to grow. When cystathionine was added, another strain was also able to grow, and so on.
- When methionine was added, they were all able to grow.
What were the conclusions of Beadle and Tatum?
- A single gene controlled the synthesis of one single enzyme.
In which 4 ways has the one-gene/one-enzyme hypothesis been modified?
2. Some proteins are composed of two or more different polypeptides, so saying that a protein-encoding gene encodes a polypeptide is more accurate.
3. Not all genes encode polypeptides.
4. One gene can encode multiple polypeptides.
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