Extensions of Mendelian inheritance - Dominant and recessive alleles

10 important questions on Extensions of Mendelian inheritance - Dominant and recessive alleles

What are wild-type alleles?

Wild-type alleles are the prevalent alleles in a natural population.

What is genetic polymorphism?

Genetic polymorphism is the phenomenon that more than one wild-type allele may occur.

Why are both of these colors considered to be wild type?

Both of these colors are considered wild type because both of them are prevalent in natural populations.
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What are mutant alleles?

Mutant alleles are alleles in which mutations occurred.

Does a PP individual produce more of the protein encoded by the P gene than is necessary for the purple color?

Yes, the PP homozygote probably makes twice as much of the protein than is needed for the purple color.

How can a mutant allele be dominant over a wild-type allele?

  • Gain-of-function mutations;
  • Dominant-negative mutations;
  • Haploinsufficiency.

What are gain-of-function mutations?

Gain-of-function mutations change the gene or the protein encoded by a gene so it gains a new or abnormal function.

What are dominant-negative mutations?

Dominant-negative mutations change a protein such that the mutant protein acts antagonistically to the normal protein.

What is incomplete penetrance?

Incomplete penetrance is a situation in which an allele that is expected to cause a particular phenotype does not.

Which individual(s) in this pedigree exhibit(s) the effect of incomplete penetrance?

Individual III-2 shows the effect incomplete penetrance.

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