Recombination, immunogenetics, and transposition - Immunogenetics

9 important questions on Recombination, immunogenetics, and transposition - Immunogenetics

What are antibodies, or immunoglobulins (Igs)?

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins (Igs) are proteins produces by the immune systems of vertebrates.

What is the function of antibodies, or immunoglobulins (Igs)?

The function of antibodies, or immunoglobulins (Igs) is to recognize foreign material, such as viruses and bacteria, and target that material for destruction.

What is a recombination signal sequence? And where is it located?

A recombination signal sequence is a recognition site for site-specific recombination between the V and J regions. It is located at the end of every V domain and the beginning of every J domain.
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By which two proteins is the recombination event initiated?

The recombination event is initiated by two proteins called RAG1 and RAG 2. RAG is an abbreviation for recombination-activation gene.

The connection phase of the recombination event is catalyzed by?

The connection phase of the recombination event is catalyzed by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) proteins.

What builds up to an antibody?

An antibody contains about 300 variable domains, 4 different joining regions, and a single constant sequence.

What is the process of heavy chain formation?

A heavy chain has several diversity domains, these are located between the variable domains and joining regions. First a D and J domain have to be connected, followed by the connection of the DJ domain and the V domain. The same proteins that catalyze VJ fusion are involved in the recombination with the heavy chain gene.
This process is called V(D)J recombination.

What is the difference between heavy- and light-chain genes?

Heavy-chain genes contain a diversity domain, light-chain genes don't contain this domain.

How can antibody diversity be generated?

  • Somatic hypermutation;
  • Imprecise end-joining;
  • The rearrangement of domains within antibody genes.

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