Gene regulation in eukaryotes I: Transcriptional and translational regulation - Chromatin remodeling, histone variants, and histone modifications
28 important questions on Gene regulation in eukaryotes I: Transcriptional and translational regulation - Chromatin remodeling, histone variants, and histone modifications
What is ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling or chromatin remodeling?
What is responsible for changing the structure of chromatin?
Is chromatin remodeling important for activation or repressing of transcription?
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How is the catalytic ATPase subunit of chromatin-remodeling complexes called?
Why is it called SWI/SNF-family?
What are the 3 possible effects of chromatin remodeling?
- Removing histone octamers, creating gaps;
- Removing standard histones and replacing them with histone variants.
(Fig. 15.9 on p. 379).
What are histone variants?
What is the function of those histone variants?
Do histone variants activate or repress gene expression?
What other kinds of functions could histone variants have?
What do the core histone proteins consist of?
Why do histone proteins easily interact with the DNA backbone?
By what type of enzyme are positively charged lysines in the amino-terminal tail acetylated?
What happens when lysine is acetylated?
What is the histone code hypthesis?
What can such a pattern of covalent modifications subsequently affect?
How is a pattern of histone modifications able to affect the degree of transcription?
In conclusion, in which two ways can histone modifications affect the level of transcription?
- Modifications could lead to the binding of certain proteins that inhibit or promote gene transcription.
Researchers have been able to map the locations of specific nucleosomes and histone variants within the genome. How is the approach they used called?
What do studies using ChIP-Seq show?
How is the region called where the transcriptional start site at the core promoter is found in active genes or genes that can be activated?
How are the nucleosomes at the end of a gene positioned?
What do certain transcriptional activators recruit?
What is the order in which the proteins of gene regulation may act at the promoter region, to promote transcription?
What must be altered in the nucleosome organization for transcription to occur?
What are the evicted histone proteins transferred to?
What do histone-modifying enzymes do during elongation?
After RNA polymerase has transcribed a part of the DNA, what happens to the nucleosome organization?
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