Gene regulation in eukaryotes II: Epigenetics - Epigenetics and development
21 important questions on Gene regulation in eukaryotes II: Epigenetics - Epigenetics and development
Which property of cells in the adult leads to the results of X-chromosome inactivation, the formation of specific cell types and genomic imprinting?
Which 2 regions in the DNA in the vicinity of the gene H19 and Igf2 can be methylated?
What happens when a loop forms in the DNA with the expression of the genes Igf2 and H19?
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During which process does CTCF bind to both ICR and DMR, so that Igf2 is not expressed?
During which process are ICR and DMR methylated?
What happens when ICR and DMR are methylated?
By which process is the methylation pattern in the sperm cells maintained in the somatic cells of offspring?
What does XCI achieve?
Which region in the X-chromosome plays a key role in XCI?
Which proteins play a role in the pairing of the two X chromosomes?
What happens when the two X chromosomes are paired?
What happens after the pluripotency factors and CTCFs have shifted to one X chromosome?
How does the spreading phase on the inactive X chromosome begin?
- The hnRNP-Us (with Xist RNAs) bind to numerous AT-rich regions within the inactive X chromosome DNA.
What happens after the spreading phase (3 events)?
- Histone variant macroH2A is incorporated into nucleosomes at many sites.
- Recruitment of DNA methyltransferases to Xi, which leads to DNA methylation.
To what do these 3 events lead?
Which of these complexes is involved with gene activation, and which is involved with gene repression?
TrxG and PcG complexes regulate many different genes, but what kind of genes do they particularly regulate?
What is an important way in which TrxG and PcG complexes perform gene regulation?
To what in the DNA do PRC1 and PCR2 bind?
How do polycomb group complexes do epigenetic silencing of a gene (steps)?
- PRC2 catalyzes the attachment of 3 methyl groups onto lysine 27 of histone H3;
- Trimethylation of lysine 27
- Directly inhibits transcription, or
- Recruits PRC1 to the target gene, which inhibits transcription by
- Chromatin compaction;
- Covalent modification of histones;
- Direct interaction with a transcription factor.
How are these epigenetic changes during embryonic development be transmitted to a population of cells that give rise to a particular type of tissue?
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