Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction - General Features of Chromosomes

5 important questions on Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction - General Features of Chromosomes

What are the structures in living organisms that contain the genetic material, and in Eukaryotes are a complex of DNA and proteins?

Chromosome

What are the distinguishing characteristics of prokaryotic cells?


1) No nucleus
2) a single circular chromosome found in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm
3)From the inside out they have a plasma membrane that regulates nutrient uptake/waste; around that is a rigid cell wall for protection

Distinguishing characteristics of Eukaryotic cells


1) Membrane bound nucleus that contains the majority of a cells genetic material in linear chromosomes
2) It contains membrane bound organelles: mitochondria, golgi apparatus, and lysosome
3) Most eukaryotic species are diploid meaning their chromosomes come in sets called homologs.
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What is the organized representation of chromosomes in a cell called, that reveals how many sets of chromosomes are found in a somatic cell?

Karyotype

What are two chromosomes called that are nearly identical in size, have the same banding pattern, and contain a similar genetic composition (<1% different)?

Homologous pairs

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