Modern experience of time - textbook

20 important questions on Modern experience of time - textbook

Why was nationalism strong?

Germany and Russia wanted more power and influence and feared each other. France wanted to take revenge on Germany.

Why did France want to take revenge on Germany?

for the defeat of 1871 and wanted the return of Alsace-Lorraine, the eastern region it then had to give up

Why did they think that a war would only be short?

the large countries had stockpiled enormous amounts of weapons and had developed new ones. Their destructive power had increased greatly
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Why was speed essential?

they could make the most destruction in the beginning

What was the reaction when they decided to mobilise quickly?

wild enthusiasm. Crowds of people took to the streets everywhere, singing, screaming and cheering. Hundreds of thousands of volunteers signed up?

What was the general attitude with which the soldiers of all countries went to war?

Many went to war enthusiastically. Others were afraid but determined to fight for their fatherland. They believed that they would return as victors "before the falling of the leaves."

When did the Germs invade Belgium?

on August 4 1914

What were five more fronts?

East= Germany and Russia
Alps=Italy and Austria
Mediterranean and in the Middle East = Turkey and Great Britain
Caucasus= Turkey and Russia
Battles were also fought in the African and Asian colonies and on the world seas.

Who allied the central powers?

Turkey

Why could the Germans develop a new attack at the western front in 1918?

1917 Russia collapsed, new leader, Lenin, made truce with Germany so they could move troops.

Why had the people in Germany suffered?

The allies had blocked trade with Germany, which resulted in hunger and shortages. The Germans had believed in victory for a long time, but this had suddenly changed.

Why did the emperor flee?

There were uprisings, emperor fled to neutral Netherlands. Two days later, the new German government signed a truce. 

What was the price of the war?

- nine million soldiers had been killed: an average of 900 French and 1300 Germans a day.
- one in fie dead soldier was never identified
- 2x high wounded as casualties
-many mutated
- at least half of survivors had psychological damage

What is the third cause of WWI?

The arms race: countries stockpiling enormous amounts of weapons and constantly designing new ones. This was possible because of the development in industry.

Describe the horrors of trench warfare?

1.Attacking enemy trenches was almost impossible and still they tried which resulted in enormous amounts of casualties because of barbed wire, mines and machine guns. Before an enemy attack you would be shelled (shot at by big guns) for days or even weeks.

At the western front both sides tried to break the deadlock. Name two such attempts.

Battle of the Somme.
Battle of Verdun.

Give two reasons for the success of the counter-offensive the Allies started in august 1918.

Exhaustion of the Germans soldiers and home front and the tank.

Look at picture 24. The home front was also very important in WWI. Explain what this poster aimed at.

To get women to work in the factories because the men were at the front.

Use the German collapse in 1918 to describe the importance of the home front.

The home front was very important in WWI because it provided all the means for the nation to make war. Without it the army couldn’t function. People at home made the food, clothes and weapons of the soldiers. When the home front collapsed in Germany the military had to give up as well because they lacked the means to keep on fighting. Also motivation plays a big part in this as well, because soldiers are less motivated when they realise the home front is suffering because of the war.

How does “every time tells its own histories” fit in here?

pessimism after the war contrasts strongly with the optimism before the war and makes this period seem even more positive than people experienced it the first time.

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