Summary: Gezondheidspsychologie

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• 1 Models in the Book Gezondheidpsychologie

• 1.1 Biomedical Model

• What is the Biomedical model?

  The biomedical model is the idea that all illnesses come from biological reasoning - either it's injury or physiological imbalance in the body.

• 1.2 Biopsychosocial model

• What is the biopsychosocial model?

  The biopsychosocial model accounts for the psychological and social influences that could take part in creating or having an interrelated effect in in the illness.

• 1.3 Lazarus's transaction (cognitive appraisal)

• What is Lazarus's transaction (cognitive appraisal) all about?

  Lazarus's transaction or cognitive appraisal is a two part process saying stress can be divided into an appraisal process of two parts; primary and secondary appraisal.

• What are the primary and secondary appraisal in Lazarus's transaction or cognitive appraisal?

  In the Primary appraisal we think about the situation and asks us what the situation does for our well being. The response of the primary appraisal can be catagorised into three parts
  
  The primary appraisal can say it's irrelevant for us
  The appraisal can say it's good for us
  The appraisal can say it threatens us 
  
  In the secondary appraisal, we check to see if we have enough resources to meet the challenge for meeting the demand. (or coping)
  
  If an appraisal is threatening we can catagorise it further into; harm-loss, threat, challenge.  

• 1.4 Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scales (Wallston & Wallston)

• What is the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale by Wallston en Wallson?

  It's an instrument with 18 items divided into three scales that assess the different locus of controls. 
  
  Internal health locus of control - The belief that control of one's health lies within the person.
  
  Powerful-others health locus of control - The belief that control of one's health lies controlled by other people, such as physicians.
  
  Chance locus of control - The belief that one's health is due to luck or fate.

• 1.5 Characteristics of a stressful situations

• What are the 5 characteristics of a stressful situation according to Lazarus?

  Lazarus created a 5 part characteristics of stressful situations;
  
  Life transitions - Moving, marrying, retiring
  Difficult Timing - Baby at the wrong age, college at a late age
  Ambiguity - Lack of clarity on a situation
  Low desirability - Situations that are bad for everyone
  Low controllability - situations you have no control over

• 1.6 General adaptation syndrome from Selye

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• What is Selye's general adaptation syndrome?

  The general adaptation syndrome is a series of physiological reactions encapturing the series of reactions the body makes when stress is long lasting.
  
  The general adaptation syndrome consists of 3 stages.  

• 1.7 Social Readjustment Scale - Richard Rahe

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• What is the Social Readjustment Rating Scale from Richard?

  The Social readjustment rating scale is a scale of live events that have a mean value of stress.  It was created from clinical experience having hundreds of men and women rate the adjustments each event would require.

• 1.8 Lazarus's daily hassle scale

• What is the Daily hassle scale created by Lazarus?

  The daily hassle scale by Lazarus was created to measure people's experience with day to day unpleasant or potentially harmful events called hassles, listing 117 of these events from minor annoyances to major problems or difficulties.

• What is the uplifts scale created by Lazarus and why was it created?

  The uplifts scale is a list of 125 events that bring peace, satisfaction and joy. The uplifts scale was created because researches felt that having desirable experiences may make hassles more bearable and reduce their impacts on health.