International branding strategies

7 important questions on International branding strategies

Name the 4 different corporate names + examples ?

- Overt names = reveal what a company does (American airline, Nestlé Waters)
- Implied names = contain recognizable words or words parts (IBM, FedEx)
- Conceptual names = capture te essence of what a company offers (Facebook)
- Iconoclastic names = represent something unique and different (Monster, Apple)

What are the 4 different levels of brands + examples ?

- Corporate / umbrella brand
- Single brand
- Range / line brand
- Product brand  

Examples :

- Apple Groupe
- Apple
- Ipod
- Ipod Nano

ou

- Nike
- Nike Sportswear
- Air Max
- Air Max 1

Branding internationally : 3 strategies

1) Same brand on all markets (L'Oréal)
2) Change brands according tot he country (Miko, Frisco, Ola)
3) Combination of the two : same corporate/umbrealla brands but different product brands (McDonalds)
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When is the adaptation of the brand necessary ? + examples

To be understood and/or readable in the targeted country
Example : Dannon in the USA (Danone in French)

But important to keep a positive meaning !
Example : Linkedin -> Ling Ying in China, means Lead Elite

When is the standardization of the brand possible ? + examples

- When you have a consistent brand in all countries (Domino's Pizza)
- Signal of a homogeneous service wherever you are (HSBC)
- Play on the country of origin effect (Christian Dior, Barilla...)

What is the country of origin effet ?


A psychological effect describing how consumers' attitudes, perceptions and purchasing decisions are influenced by products' country of origin labeling.

What is a hybrid brand ? + example

A combination of various elements (name, logo..), some can be kept constant and others might change.
Example : Elle & Vire in France, Elle & Vire + Eiffel tower abroad

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