The industrialization process and market entry modes

6 important questions on The industrialization process and market entry modes

What are the 3 main reasons for a firm to internationalize ?

- Market seeking = to expand a market and access more customers
- Resource seeking = to have access to resources i don't have in my country
- Efficiency seeking =  to improve production process by reducing costs

What are the market entry strategies ? (6 strategies)

- exporting

- piggybacking =
sell your products using anther company's distribution facilities (Daim)

- licensing = let a local company use your trademark/patent against a fee (Disney)

- franchising = licensing where the franchiser provides a standard package of products, ads, etc. (Subway)

- international alliances and joint ventures = business relationship established by 2 or more companies to cooperate and share resources and risks in achieving a common goal -> 70% of alliances are joint-ventures = require creation of a separate legal entity jointly owned by both firms (Renault-Nissan).

- Wholly Owned Subsidiary (WOS) = manufacturing and/or selling alone, acquisition or greenfield investment.

What are the 4 advantages of a joint-venture strategy ?

- Access new technologies
- Rapid extension on a market
- Less competition
- Economies of scale
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What is the general establishment chain model (= Gradual approach) when becoming international ? (5 phases)

1) No direct foreign marketing
2) Infrequent foreign marketing
3) Regular foreign marketing
4) International marketing
5) Global marketing

What is the Uppsala model ? (4 steps)

1) No regular export activity
2) Export using independent agents
3) Overseas sales subsidiaries
4) Foreign production (Toyota produces in France to penetrate Europe)

What is the Born Global firms ? (6 criteria)

Some firms go abroad very quickly : from establishment phase to global phase.

- Small
- Niche market
- Answer a specific need
- High technology manufacturers
- Able to export quickly products or services on a global basis using the Internet and communication technologies
- International background to be able to work in an international context

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