The 1850s as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization? - Foods, Diseases, Technology Diffusion, and the Environment

5 important questions on The 1850s as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization? - Foods, Diseases, Technology Diffusion, and the Environment

Was trade in food altered during 1850s?

Trade in food was fundamentally altered, thanks to new shipping, plus canning and refrigeration possibilities: a wider variety of foods could now be acquired from distant regions than ever before.

How was the volume of technology exchange explained?

Never before had new inventions passed so quickly from one region to another.

How was the spread of technology different from other periods?

Revolutionary new technology was now spreading in a matter of decades.
In contrast, as we have seen, it had taken several centuries around 1000 for knowledge of paper production to begin to disseminate widely; the pace picked up a bit, Japanese learned of guns, after 1500, only two centuries after Europeans had introduced them.
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What were the most obvious environmental changes in the decades after 1850?

The further growth of industrial cities. Smoke-filled air and polluted rivers followed from the growth of urban populations and the surging factories.

What was the consequence of rubber plantations in Brazil and cotton production in Africa?

- The expansion of rubber plantations in Brazil worsened soil quality and generated greater erosion, for the trees were extended into terrain not best suited for their cultivation.
- Cotton production was introduced into regions where it worsened soil quality and promoted erosion.

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