1500 as a Turning Points: The Birth of Globalization - The Problem of Culture

10 important questions on 1500 as a Turning Points: The Birth of Globalization - The Problem of Culture

Why did societies pull back from too much cultural connection?

Precisely because contacts or potential contacts increased, many societies either intentionally or implicitly pulled back from too much cultural connection, eager to preserve identities even in a gradually shrinking world.

Which mutual influences did persist?

- Islam continued its spread into Southeast Asia, including the southern Philippines, early in the new period.
- Ottomon conquests allowed new conversions in the Balkans.
- Christianity gained on the heels of European conquest and commerce.
- Missionaries gained considerable success in Latin America and ultimately among imported African slaves.

What family behaviour belonged to Christianity?

Many Europeans professed dismay at local sexual practices and urgently promoted different patterns of dress and less independence for women,
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How did Europe influence the culture of India?

It was brought to America.
- European painting styles and even fashion had some impact among the upper classes in Mughal India, and the name "Mary" even caught on for many Indian girls.
- European influence brought some Christian conversions to Japan, though these were later attacked.

What were Europeans valued for?

Europeans were valued for their knowledge of clocks and some other curiosities, though the outreach was not extensive. For their part, Europeans eagerly learned about some aspects of the societies they encountered, for example importing exotic animals as well as potentially useful plants.

How were Asian societies regarded as?

As a bit backward and decadent

How did Japan deal with European cultures?

Japanese leaders began to turn against European and other outside influences, while attacking Christian leaders and converts within their own society.
They professed fear of potential Spanish influence (based on their knowledge of the colonization of the Philippines) and related Catholic interference in Japanese culture.
They also sought to protect the established feudal social order from the disruption that would come with uncontrolled access to European guns.

How did Chinese authorities deal with Christian missionaries?

They began to attack Christian missionaries in the early eighteenth century, despite their fairly limited impact, again in a desire to preserve cultural and social order from outside contagion.

How did Ottoman rulers deal with European cultures?

Ottoman rulers, though well acquainted with developments in Europe, on the whole also held back from much imitation, albeit without so many explicit prohibitions.

What was Russia's relation to Western Europe?

They had a successful imitation record from the previous period that most obviously stretched toward deliberate learning, again from Western Europe. Russian leaders had reached out to Western architects as early as the sixteenth century seeking benefits from the Renaissance style adapted to Russian traditions.

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