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A late-eighteenth-century transition

10 important questions on A late-eighteenth-century transition

What happened in the Seven Years War (1756-1763)?

The Seven Years War pitted Britain and France in battles not only in and around Europe but in North America and the Caribbean and in India as well.
The War would end with enhanced British power in India, as what had been an important set of trading outposts began gradually to turn into fuller colonial governance, and also a reduction of India's manufacturing capacity in favor of British industry and Indian commodities contributions.

What is one of the problems with some of the claims about the mid-eigtheenth century as transition?

One of the problems with some of the claims about the mid-eighteenth century as transition is an undue focus on British leadership rather than the nature of global contacts in.a larger sense.

Where did historians saw growing unrest in the eighteenth century?

The Atlantic world, with colonial struggles in North America, Haiti, and soon Latin America as well.

When did the industrial revolution start?

And the industrial revolution, ultimately a process vital to globalization, began in the later eighteenth century.

What are the differences between "archaic" globalization and the modern version?

- Archaic globalization emphasized luxury goods for rulers and elites, often sought as part of a tribute system.
- Archaic globalization was also often disrupted by nomadic invasions, which forced alterations in trade routes and gave the whole pattern of trans-regional trade an oscillating quality.
- Trade and transportation became more reliable in the modern version

Which two developments fundamentally altered the Globalization situation around 1750?

- Governments became more powerful and effective - particularly in Europe, but also in some other areas like the Ottoman Empire and, soon, the new United States. This allowed greater control over nomadic incursions and other disruptions of trade, such as piracy.
- More important still was the emergence of larger capitalist enterprises - the great trading companies but also the workings of the slave plantations in the Caribbean, which increasingly replaced the more personalized, religiously based links that had sustained trans-regional commerce previously.
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What additional facet was a turning point to modern globalization?

The increasing European, mainly British, activities in the Pacific, in beginning to impact Oceania, Australia, and New Zealand directly and also in gaining new levels of geographic knowledge about this part of the world.

What happened in the Mongol Empire, that changed the course of globalization?

Under the Mongols, appetites for contact and travel increased and the process of technology exchange clearly accelerated, providing Western Europe, particularly, with both the motivations and the technological means for its more forceful entry onto the world stage.

What were important developments after 1750?

Global consumerism, efforts to alter the European (and particularly, the British) role, increasing attention to the Pacific and the idea of a more global humanitarianism were important developments.
But the more basic patterns of a more global geography, new business forms, new regional inequalities, taking shape from the sixteenth century, persisted as well.

Name example where international companies sought new ways to increase their profits. How in general did companies do this?

- Managers in the East India Company discovered that they could make additional money selling Indian-grown opium to China, and ultimately this would contribute to a far-reaching change in China's relationship to the global economy.
- The increasing European capacity to use machines to rival traditional hand labor at home and abroad proved to be an immensely dynamic factor for the future.

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

Globalization in World History | 9780367279868 | Peter N Stearns

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