1500 as a Turning Points: The Birth of Globalization - Global Inclusion: The Americas and Pacific Oceania

8 important questions on 1500 as a Turning Points: The Birth of Globalization - Global Inclusion: The Americas and Pacific Oceania

What was directly involved with the development in trans-regional contacts after 1500?

Changing transportation technologies

What were new stomping grounds for European explorers and traders?

South America, North America, including the farther reaches of eastern Canada became routine stomping grounds for European explorers, traders, and growing handfuls of colonists.

What trade crossed from Africa to the Atlantic? Who was most obviously transformed by this?

- A new slave trade from Africa crossed the Atlantic to fill growing labor needs - a hideous traffic in human beings, over unprecedented distances, that would ultimately mount to well over 10 million individuals.
- While the Americas were most obviously transformed by this new contact network, virtually every part of Afro-Eurasia was affected to some degree as well.
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How did the utilization of the Pacific develop?

- In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portugese seaman but sailing under the Spanish flag, rounded the southern tip of South America to launch into the Pacific - which the Spanish had discovered by marching across Panama a few years before.
- After this, the Spanish began to establish regular exchanges across the Pacific from Mexico to the Philippines, where they brought American silver as well as seeds from several American crops.
- Full exploration of the vast Pacific developed only over a longer period, with British and French adventurers taking a leading role by the eighteenth century.

What innovations developed voyages?

- Knowledge of New World geography, and by the eighteenth century that of places like Australia, advanced apace.
- Charts of the major new oceanic routes, complete with calculations of currents and winds facilitated further exchange and gradually made voyages more reliable.

Where did Europeans set up their trading posts?

- Along the coast of western and southern Africa
- In Goa and other ports in India
- In Macao, a new Portugese colony on the Chinese coast that the Chinese tolerated as a principal exchange point.

What did the Dutch post show? Who did they do?

- That additional labor was needed.
- The Dutch post was seen at the tip of southern Africa. Established in the seventeenth century to provide a chance for ships to take on food and water in the long trip between the Netherlands and the Indian Ocean, the post quickly needed additional labor.
Officials sought good relations with local Africans as sources of exchange, so did not want to seize slaves directly, and therefore they imported tens of thousands of slaves from southeast Asia - deeply affecting yet another part of the world.

How did trade gain new significance?

Because the products are now available from the Americans.

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