The 1850s as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization? - New Technologies and Systems
11 important questions on The 1850s as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization? - New Technologies and Systems
What was the most obvious break between the protoglobal patterns of the previous period and the global thrusts by 1850?
How was transportation improved around 1850?
How was communication revolutionized?
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What consequence did the changes of communication and transportation have?
When was a regular trans-Atlantic service with steamships established?
Of which changes did the globally competitive steamship depend on by 1850?
- Even more important was the replacement of paddle-wheels by screw propellers from the 1840s onward. This eliminated the problems posed by rough seas as far as continued motor function was concerned, and also allowed the development of larger and more powerful engines.
What is the Triple Expansion Engines? What change did the invention impose?
- This meant that ships could travel far longer distances before refueling, effectively elevating steam shipping over sails for any activity requiring speed and/or higher volume. By 1900 steamship routes crisscrossed all the major oceans, linking all the inhabited continents with unprecedentedly dense contacts.
What role did trains play in this surge of globalization?
Transcontinental lines began to be completed by the 1860s, allowing movement from Atlantic to Pacific in both the United States and Canada, and a bit later linking the Pacific coast of Russia to the Baltic sea.
What interior regions began to open growing global trade and contact because of trade and steamships?
- Many rail lines were built to do little more than link internal production regions to coast ports so as to facilitate exports.
What result did coastal connections have?
- The result stimulated the production of foods and raw materials, which tended to depress prices through growing competition and increased global economic inequalities vis-a vis the industrial nations.
What did the invention of the telegraph lead to?
- Information could now range more widely and rapidly than ever before; what used to take months was now a matter of seconds.
- All kinds of news began to flow via the telegraph.
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