The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking - Introduction to Computer Networking - The TCP/IP Five-Layer Network Model

13 important questions on The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking - Introduction to Computer Networking - The TCP/IP Five-Layer Network Model

What is the TCP/IP Five Layer Model?

The TCP/IP Five-Layer Model is a model that helps explain how network devices communicate with each other

In the TCP/IP model, what is the physical layer responsible for?

The physical layer is responsible for physical connectivity of two devices, and for the transfer of bits from one computer to another computer.

What are some of the devices that the physical layer uses to physically connect two devices, allowing them to transfer bits of data to one another?

Hubs, modems, cables and repeaters
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What is the data link layer?

The Data Link layer is responsible to transfer data hob by hob (i.e within same LAN, from one device to another device) based on the MAC address. At this layer, we introduce our first protocols. It is responsible for defining a common way of interpreting the signals (that the cables in the physical layer send) so network devices can communicate.

What are some of the devices used in the data link layer?

Bridges, switches and Network interface cards

What is the Ethernet protocol?

Ethernet is primarily a standard communication protocol used to create local area networks. It transmits and receives data through cables on nodes on the same network.

Which protocol is used at the network layer and what does the protocol do?

The network layer uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to find the correct network and the node that is the destination of data transfer.

Into which categories is network software divided into?

Network software is divided into client and server categories. The client application initiates a request for the server to answer and the server answers the request across the network.

What is the transport layer responsible for?

The transport layer process data that is received from the physical, data link and network layer. The transport layer connects with these layers which allows it to transfer data.  In general, this layer is responsible for the end to end data transmission without any errors, and by controlling the flow rate of data.

What does the Transmission Control Protocol do?

TCP: Transmission Control Protocol is responsible for proper transmission of segments over the communication channel; the TCP is used to establish reliable connections. It also establishes a network connection between the source and destination system.

What does the User Datagram Protocol?


The User Datagram Protocol is responsible for identifying errors, and other tasks during the transmission of information. UDP maintains various fields for data transmission such as:

Source Port Address: This port is responsible for designing the application that makes up the message to be transmitted.

Destination Port Address: This port receives the message sent from the sender side.

Total Length: The total number of bytes of user datagram.

Checksum: Used for error detection of the message at the destination side.

What is the application layer?

The Application layer is where applications requiring network communications live. It uses protocols to allow you to browse the web via a webbrowser or send/receive emails. These applications use the Transport Layer to send requests to connect to remote hosts.

What protocols are used in the application layer?

It uses top level protocols such as HTTP, HTTPS, DHCP, SMTP, SNMP, DNS, among others.

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