Gray's Anatomy

7 important questions on Gray's Anatomy

Types of Fibrous Joints

1. Sutures
2. Gomphoses
3. Syndesmoses

Types of Cartilaginous (Solid) Joints

1. synchondroses
2. symphyses

Degenerative Bone Disease

= osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis, decreases in H20 & proteoglycan content within cartilage, becomes fragile
- cartilage wears -> underlying bone becomes fissured & thickens
- synovial fluid forced into small cracks -> forming cysts
- osteophytes form -> reactive juxtra-articular bony nodules, alter biomechanical forces, abnormal stresses
- can occur as 2nd to other joint diseases e.g arthritis
Treatment: weight decrease, exercise, anti-inflammatory drugs, joint replacement
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Superficial Subcutaneous Fascia (characteristics)

- attached to dermis
- made of loose connective tissue & lots of fat
- allows movement of skin over deeper areas
- acts as conduit for vessels/nervers to/from skin
- serves as fat (energy) reservoir

Inward Extensions of Deep Fascia

1. intermuscular septa = compartmentalize groups of muscles
2. investing fascia = surround individual muscles/groups nerves/vessels
3. retinacula = thickening deep fascia near joints, holds tendons in place
4. extraperitoneal fascia = covers deep surface muscles of ab. wall 
5. endothoracic fascia = thorax

Skeletal muscles are named by:

1. shape
2. attachments
3. function
4. position
5. fiber orientation

Muscle Injuries & Strains

occur in muscle groups, usually related to sudden exertion & muscle disruption
tear: from small interstitial injury --> complete muscle disruption

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