Theorieen en periodes

12 important questions on Theorieen en periodes

What is a demarcation criterion?

a way to sitinguish genuine science: the difference between science & pseudo science. Science should be objective, true and against superstition and propaganda --> criterion to find this

What is philosophy of science?

Focusses on objectivity in science: realism/ objectivism/ foundationalism = what positivism was trying to do

What was another part of philosophy of science?

focusses on subjective science/ social construction (than science= human, fallible, prejudiced and irrational)
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Between which two things makes the received view a distinction?

between theory and observation --> tests are needed to test theory --> which needs verifiability & observation was assumed to be unproblematic

What assumed the received view that were derived from general law of nature?

objective facts/ general laws & explanations

What are 6 characteristics of scientific knowledge?

- systematic
- well-defined methods
- reduction
- objective/ testable
- clarity
- revisable

What are two problems with induction?

1. no logically compelling methodologically rules. You have to know in what category you have to calssify your observations before you van do induction; but you also need induction observation to know what kind of categories there are (circle)
2. not really interesting --> produces only more of the same, just generalisations

What is the context of justification?

what is valid proff? How science SHOULD be done --> methodological rules and norms etc.

What is the context of discovery?

How science IS done --> is about social circumstances/ creativity/ generating hypotheses = descriptive

What is the intermediate category of the two contexts?

heuristics: about finding rules and guidelines for discovery (abduction) --> not totally normative but also not only creative

In which steps is discovery?

1,2,5; observation, hypothesis, evaluation

In which steps is justification?

3 &4; deducing a prexrion from a theory, testing hypothesis

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