Home / Summaries / H16 - Regulatie van de maagdarmkanaal functies (deel2) / bile-glands-secretion

Accessory glands

Q: What accessory glands does the GI tract have?

Salivary glands - secretion of saliva Pancreas - secretion of pancreatic juice Liver - secretion of bile

Q: How many saliva glands are there and where are they located?

There are 3 pairs of saliva glands: Parotid glands , located on both sides of the head at ear level . Sublingual glands , located beneath the tongue on both sides. Submandibular glands , located on each side beneath the lower jaw .

Q: What are the components of saliva?

Bicarbonate , which makes the saliva alkaline and helps to neutralize acid . Mucus , which lubricates the food and protects the lining of the mouth . Salivary amylase , a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch and glycogen . Lysozyme , an enzyme that helps tooth decay by destroying certain bacteria .

Q: Of what does pancreatic juice consist?

Pancreatic amylase - similar to salivary amylase in breaking down starch and glycogen Pancreatic lipases - break down fat Proteases - break down protein Nucleases - break down nucleic acids .

Q: What are the 6 most important functions of the liver?

Secretion of bile Metabolic processing of nutrients - after a meal the liver converts glucose to glycogen and amino acids to fatty acids . When nutrients are not being stored the liver converts glycogen in glucose and fatty acids into ketone bodies . Also produces glucose by gluconeogenesis . Removal of aged red blood cells from the blood Elimination of wastes from the body - like excess cholesterol and foreign substances like poison, drugs and alcohol. Synthesis of plasma proteins Secretion and modification of hormones - IGF

Q: Explain the secretion and release of bile. How is this regulated?

Bile is produced constantly by the liver, but only released when food is present. Between meals, bile is stored in the gallbladder . During meals bile is released from the gallbladder into the common bile duct , which carries it into the duodenum. Common bile duct and pancreatic duct converge to form a common passageway ( ampulla of vater ) for the flow of bile and pancreatic juice. Flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi which is normally closed, but opens when food is present.

6 important questions on Accessory glands

What accessory glands does the GI tract have?

Salivary glands - secretion of saliva
Pancreas - secretion of pancreatic juice
Liver - secretion of bile

How many saliva glands are there and where are they located?

There are 3 pairs of saliva glands:

Parotid glands, located on both sides of the head at ear level.
Sublingual glands, located beneath the tongue on both sides.
Submandibular glands, located on each side beneath the lower jaw.

What are the components of saliva?

Bicarbonate, which makes the saliva alkaline and helps to neutralize acid.
Mucus, which lubricates the food and protects the lining of the mouth.
Salivary amylase, a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch and glycogen.
Lysozyme, an enzyme that helps tooth decay by destroying certain bacteria.

Of what does pancreatic juice consist?

Pancreatic amylase - similar to salivary amylase in breaking down starch and glycogen
Pancreatic lipases - break down fat
Proteases - break down protein
Nucleases - break down nucleic acids.

What are the 6 most important functions of the liver?

Secretion of bile
Metabolic processing of nutrients - after a meal the liver converts glucose to glycogen and amino acids to fatty acids. When nutrients are not being stored the liver converts glycogen in glucose and fatty acids into ketone bodies. Also produces glucose by gluconeogenesis.
Removal of aged red blood cells from the blood
Elimination of wastes from the body - like excess cholesterol and foreign substances like poison, drugs and alcohol.
Synthesis of plasma proteins
Secretion and modification of hormones - IGF

Explain the secretion and release of bile. How is this regulated?

Bile is produced constantly by the liver, but only released when food is present.
Between meals, bile is stored in the gallbladder.
During meals bile is released from the gallbladder into the common bile duct, which carries it into the duodenum.
Common bile duct and pancreatic duct converge to form a common passageway (ampulla of vater) for the flow of bile and pancreatic juice.
Flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi which is normally closed, but opens when food is present.