Risk Factors in Bereavement Outcome: A Methodological and Empirical Review

7 important questions on Risk Factors in Bereavement Outcome: A Methodological and Empirical Review

Why is study of risk factors important?

early identification can help solve dilemma that bereavement poses to helping professions
study of risk factors plays an important role in developing and testing theoretical explanations of the health impact of bereavement

Bereavement specific risk factors

aspects of bereavement situation that influence bereavement impact or recovery
example: circumstances surrounding a loss (more severe health consequences occur following a sudden rather than expected loss)

Cross sectional designs

factorial design for general risk factors (presence or absence crossed with at least two levels of risk factor)
matched or control design for bereavement specific factors (non bereaved controls not necessary: correlated with other variables that have health effect, matched on variable or control statistically for variable)
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Two mechanisms in which religion can influence bereavement outcome:

1. belief system or perspective that enables individuals to deal differently and perhaps better with crises in general and death in particular
2. religious participation may be associated with integration into a social network or community

Gender and bereavement outcomes:

general as well as bereavement specific risk factor
gender pattern for mortality rates most consistent (males higher than females)

Reasons for gender differences:

widows receive more social support>
bereavement coping and strategies more effectively used by women
confrontation of loss (including grief work) is essential for healthy recovery, however men do not have to because they can fully immerse in work

Dual-process model of bereavement

two sources of stress:
directly associated with loss of loved person
secondary consequences of loss (loss of income, move)

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