Leadership and management - Decision making

17 important questions on Leadership and management - Decision making

What are the factors that complicate decision making

1. A multiplicity of criteria
2. Intangible factors
3. Risk and uncertainty
4. Long term consequences
5. Interdiciplinary imput
6. Joint decision making
7. Value judgements

What is the task of a functional manager

He relates to the management and performance of a single main activity within a organisation: purchasing managers and marketing managers

What are the most important tasks for the middle management

1. Managing and directing general activities
2. Making operational decisions
3. Passing along information top down and botom up
4. Planning
5. Organising work activities
6. Motivating employees
7. Maintaining internal and external contracts
8. Reporting
9. Gernerating business
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How does the retional decision making process work

It starts with defining the problem and ends with choosing a solution

How is the rational decision making process

1. Definig the problem
2. Devising alternatives
3. Evaluating of alternatives
4. Making a choice
5. Implementing and monitoring the decision

What are the four distinct types of decision making

1. Neo rational
2. Bureaucratic
3. Political
4. Open ended

What is the Neo rational decision making

It is informal and centralised and in most cases only one person makes the decision. Emotional and intuitive also paly an important role

What is the bureaucratic decision making

Decisions are based on fix rules, planning and control. It is very formal and centralised. Also experience of the past ist taking into account

What is the political decision making

It is formal and decentralised. It involves many different parties with divergent interests, which is positive because many have influence of the decision making. The negative point is that lots of attiontion can be put on the internal political games.

What is the open ended decision making process

Has both a decentralised and an informal charactar. Characterised by its lack of clear starting and finishing points. The decision making is erratic and unpredictable, it has no clear objectives and decisions have an ad hoc character with chance playing a large role.

the process is flexible and allows corrections but the decision made may not be very effective

To react to changes in the environment ant to safeguard the continuity of the organisation following aspects are important

1. Creativity
2. Participation
3. Meetings
4. Negotiations
5. Power
6. Decision making styles

What are indirect participation and direct participation?

Indirect participation: work councils, was set up as a body for discussion between employer and employee

dirct participation: work meetings, regular, direct discussions between group management and executives that cover work and working conditions at a department 

What are the functions of Meetings

1. Being together
2. Being informed together
3. Working together
4. Implemting together

A meeting should be structured like the fish-net model

1. Opening
2. Initialisation
3. Contextualising
4. Organising
5. Opening forming
6. Decision making
7. Concluding
8. Closing

There are different ways of decision making which ones

1. Democratic decisions
2. Majority rule
3. Unanimous decision
4. Consensus principle
5. Vetoed decisions
6. Delegations
7. Authorities

What is the difference between rational and intuitively thinking

Rational thinking: person follows a structured way of reaching a decision

intuitively thinking: person follows a less strucured but more crative way 

There are four styles of decision making

1. Directive style: rational and low tolerance of ambiguity
2. Behavioural style: work well with others
3. Analytical style: high tolerance of ambiguity
4. Conceptual style: intuitive manner of thinking with a high degree of tolerance of ambiguity

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