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1 HAP
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Random hydrolysis of peptide bonds (in vitro)
10-12 hours in 12 mol/L HCl at 105 degrees -
Digestion and propagation of chime in GI tract
Controlled by combined action of motor activity of sphincters and gut wall -
Parasympathic nervous system
- Gut receives input from autonomic nervous system (ANS)
- Connects by vagus neve and pelvic nerve
- Both contain efferent (motor) and afferent (sensory) fibers --> inform brain about gut status
- Neurotransmitter is acetylcholine -
Intrinsic nervous system (ENS)
- Most ENS cells are derived from vagal neural crest cells (NCCs)
- Consists of myenteric and submucosal plexus
- Contain many neurotransmitters and hormones
- Major part of intergration in control of gut motility -
Sympathic nervous system
- Part of extrinsic neurvous system
- Inhibition of gut motility
- Neurotransmitter is noradrenalin -
Secretory and motor behaviours - neurocrine
- Mediated by nerves, synapses and neurotransmitters
- Transmission in gut or central nervous system -
Secretory and motor behaviours - endocrine
- Release of transmitters (hormones) by entero-endocrine sensore cells --> reach their target via blood -
Secretory and motor behaviours - paracrine
- sensing cell releases a transmitter substance that mediates the response in neighbouring cells
- Acid secretion in stomach is partially paracrine regulated -
Migrating motor complex - MMC
Clean small bowel of any remaining material and prevents bacterial overgrowth from gut flora in large bowel
- Every 90 minutes
- Stops when food enters stomach (digestive period)
- Phase 1: motor quiescence (40 min. rest)
- Phase 2: irregular movements (40 min start peristalsis)
- Phase 3: strong peristaltic contractions (10 min. max peristalsis) --> remove indigestible food -
Transit time - small bowel
1.5 hour
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