Amino acid catabolism
15 important questions on Amino acid catabolism
Amino acid catabolism - C and N part of AA follow different pathways:
- N --> urea cycle
- C-backbone: de-aminated by either oxidative de-amination or transamination
Which amino acid has the highest nitrogen percentage:
Semi-essential amino acids:
- tyrosine from phenylalanine
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Non-essential amino acids:
- aspartic acid
- glutamic acid
Which vitamin can be involved in transamination reactions?
Transaminations of AA to common intermediates:
- Aspartic acid to oxaloacetate
- Glutamic acid to alpha-ketoglutarate
Hepatic urea synthesis:
Example ATP yield alanine de-aminated to pyruvate:
- Excretion of N: +2.5 ATP (de-amination)
- Urea cycle: -2 ATP
--> total: 13 ATP
ME (kJ/gram) that can be obtained from muscle protein in body:
GE (kJ/gram) of protein:
Protein loss via urea via urea cycle:
Rate of protein turnover can be influenced by
Why so much protein needed in the body?
- Cortisol induces gluconeogenesis and breakdown of muscle protein (acts on liver only)
Costs protein synthesis:
Ratio of depostion and maintenance
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