Disorders of the Thyriod Gland - Anatomy and Development
17 important questions on Disorders of the Thyriod Gland - Anatomy and Development
By which part are the two lobes of the thyriod gland connected?
Where is the thyroid gland located in the body?
What are the characteristics of a normally functioning thyroid?
- 12-25g
- highly vascular
- consisting of soft tissue
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Which nerves must be identified during surgery to avoid vocal cord paralysis?
What is the path of development of the thyroid?
- floor primitive pharynx
- migration along thyroglossal duct
- endstation anterior to the trachea
When does the thyroid starts developing?
Which defects are prone to developmental dysfunction?
- ectopic thyroid cells under the tongue
- thyroglossal duct cysts
At which GA does thyroid hormone production start?
What is the function of medullary C cells?
Where are the medullary C cells most densely packed?
What makes the medullary C cells important cells to investigate?
What is the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism?
What are the most important transcription factors in the development of th thyroid gland?
- TTF-1
- TTF-2
- PAX-8
What is the function of the transcription factors named in the chapter?
What are the thyroid specific genes?
- thyroglobulin (Tg)
- thyroid peroxidase (TPO)
- sodium iodide symporter (Na+/I)
- thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R)
What does the thyroid itself consist of?
- spheroid follicles composed of thyroid follicular cells
- colloid made of thyroglobulin
Describe the thyroidsynthesis started by TSH binding to the basolateral receptor of the follicular thyroid cell.
- TSH binds basolateral receptor
- G-protein activates cAMP
- Tg gets reabsorbed from the colloid
- Proteolysis of Tg in the cytoplasm
- secretion of thyroid hormones in the blood
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