Summary: Health And Medical Psychology

Read the summary and the most important questions on Health and Medical psychology

• 1 Week 1, explaining health behavior

• 1.1 The Essence of health and medical psychology

• Where do health psychologist work?

  Health care:
  • Primary health care (adults, children)
  • Private practice
  • Organizational health/burn-out prevention
  • Secondary health care:
  - Mental health organizations
  - Pain clinics and rehabilitation centers • Medical
  
  psychology department hospital:
  • Pain management
  • Oncology and hematology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology etc.

• 1.1.1 What is health and medical psychology?

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• What is Lay perceptions of health (Blaxter, 1990)?

  what do people think as health: 
  -Health as not ill: no symptoms, no visits to doctor
  -Health as reserve/resources: strong family, recover quickly
  -Health as behavior: look after myself
  -Health as physical fitness and vitality: energetic
  -Health as psychological well-being: in harmony, balance, proud, enjoyment
  -Health as function: to do what I want/have to do

• What is the WHO definition of health (1948)?

  “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
  
  not had been amended since 1948, criticism is that we might never feel complete health.

• What also predicts health (next to biomedical model)?

  • Health behaviors (physical activity, nutrition, sleep, etc.)
  • Stress/emotions
  • Social relations (support, conflict)

• What are the three forms of prevention?

  Primary prevention:
  prevention of problem, illness or casualty
  • Target group = healthy people
  
  Secondary prevention:
  tracing illness in an early phase, for early treatment or for prevention of more serious complaints
  • Target group = (healthy) people with an increased risk for disease
  
  Tertiary prevention:
  prevention of complications and worsening of symptoms through optimal care (including self-regulation interventions)
  • Target group = ill people

• 1.1.2 what is healthy living?

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• What does matarazzo (1984) distincts as behaviors?

  Behavioral pathogens (health risk behaviors): smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, sharing needles, multiple sex partners, unsafe seks, drink driving, no ear protection, etc.
  
  Behavioral immunogens (health protective behaviors): physical activity, healthy nutrition (e.g., low in fat, sugar and salt, vegetables and fruit), sun protection, bicycle helmet, vaccinations, medication, etc.

• 1.1.3 why encourage a healthy lifestyle?

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• Why influence health behavior?

  1: Health behavior is related to morbidity and mortality. 
  2: socio-demographical differences in health behavior increase socio-economic differences. 
  3: The prevalence of risk behaviors is high. 
  4: health behavior is not always an informed choice.

• What are the adverse affect of influencing

  • Intervention generated inequalities: make sure that its equally available. 
  • Hardening: don't trust them and I wont follow their rules --> think about covid
  • Stigmatizing: we want to impower people, don't want to say to blame.

• 1.2 How can we explain/understand health behavior?

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• What is the Health Belief Model (Becker, 1974)?

  Zie model

• What is the Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1977, 1989)?

  Zie model