Bleeding complications - Hemolytic anemia
7 important questions on Bleeding complications - Hemolytic anemia
Name 3 immunological and 3 non-immunological (hereditary) causes of hemolysis.
- auto-immune: warm or cold
- Allo-immune
- vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency
Non-immunological:
- sickle cell disease
- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- G6PD deficiency
What is the first treatment options for auto-immuun hemolytic anemia?
What is the mechanism of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?
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What are the complications of PNH?
- Hemolysis
- thrombosis
- bone marrow failure
- underlying bone marrow disease
What are the consequences of the baby when the mother is pregnant and has PNH? How do you treat this in a pregnant women.
You treat this with emicizumab.
What are the most common anti-immune hemolytic anemias (AIHA)?
- Cold: cold acra. Mostly due to IgM antibodies
- Warm: hemolyse with temperature > 37 degrees.
What are the treatment option for a warm AIHA?
- Transfusion
- Inhibition autoAb production: corticosteroids, immunosuppressives, Rituximab (CD20), Dazazol
- Inhibition RBC clearance: IVIG (intravenous immunglobulines), splenectomy
- Treatment underlying disease
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