What were the main long term causes? - The Failure of the League of Nations - The Breakdown of Traditional Security
7 important questions on What were the main long term causes? - The Failure of the League of Nations - The Breakdown of Traditional Security
What was the first example of the Great Powers going behind the League of Nations to disastrous effects?
Why did Britain and France go behind the League of Nations in March 1933?
- Britain was willing to use unilateral methods to ensure a 'traditional European balance of power
- She saw Italy as 'the key to European Peace' - Foreign Secretary, Sir John Simon.
- Britain selfishly didn't want to have to involve herself in European Politics, especially due to domestic problems caused by the Great Depression in avoiding a war so this seemed a simple solution
France:
- Felt similarly, however they were more suspicious of the value of this pact.
When was the Four Power Pact Signed and between what nations?
- Committed states to 10 years of cooperation to ensure European Peace
- However, at the same time, the Treaty acknowledged 'reasonable revision' of the Peace Treaties.
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What two events after the Four Power Pact was signed demonstrate that unilateral politics had directly the opposite effect of that desired?
- October 1933: Hitler left the Disarmament Conference and the League of Nations
- March 1935: (18 months later) Hitler had reintroduced conscription in Germany; which implied little desire for cooperation with neighbours
After this abject failure, Four Power Pact was never ratified by the other members.
What was the impact of the Four Power Pact?
Started to bind other powers in traditional alliances;
- Soviet Union reacted by negotiating a 'mutual assistance pact' with France (isn't this the same factor that caused WW1? And moreover increased German feeling of encirclement?
- January 1934: Poland, apparently let down by France, signed a non-aggression pact with Germany
What was the Stresa Front, and when was it signed?
April 1935: Stresa Conference decided that:
France, Britain and Italy would:
- oppose 'by all practical means, any unilateral repudiation of treaties, which may endanger the peace of Europe'
What was the problem with the Stresa Front?
- They hoped the existence of the Stresa Front would dissuade Hitler
- Mussolini, although worrying about Hitler's rise, main motivation was to gain European support in seizing Italy's 'Imperial Destiny' (EMPIRE!)
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