Origins and Causes of the Spanish Civil War - Power of the Military in Spanish Politics
6 important questions on Origins and Causes of the Spanish Civil War - Power of the Military in Spanish Politics
Historically, what examples demonstrated the power of the Spanish military to influence and control politics?
- 1874: First Spanish Republic was overthrown by the liberal general, Arsenio Martinez Campos
- 1898: Coup contemplated by military governor Camilo Polavieja, after Spanish defeat by USA meant loss of the Philippines as a colony.
- 1923: Colonial defeat in Morocco, led to a coup by the king and Miguel Primo de Rivera, who was commanding the Catalonian army, where the Spanish constitution was suspended, and Rivera's party - Union Patriotica Espanola - was only one allowed.
- 1930: After Rivera's dismissal, he was followed by another general - Berenguer - and then an admiral - Aznar - before the Second Republic.
What was main difference between Africanistas and the Juntas?
What was the most brutal and dangerous part of the Spanish Army?
- They were intensely nationalistic
- Saw themselves a Spain's 'saviours' from the unholy Republic
- Felt need to 'protect Spain' from communists, anarchists, freemasons or anticlerical liberals
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What were the military policies of the Second Republic first government under Azana? Why were these unpopular?
- Military judicial tribunals no longer had authority over civilians
- the Army had to swear an oath to the Republic rather than being independent
- Military service time was reduced to a year
- The size of the officer core was reduced
- Zaragoza military academy, were those of the elite in the military were trained, was closed
- There was a renewed inquiry into the military failures in Morocco in the early 1920s; and officers were put on trial
Why were the Africanistas particularly frustrated with the Second Republic's military reforms?
- Promote Junteros
- held enquires into the mismanagement of Moroccan campaign, which affected the Africanistas rather than the Juntas
What evidence is there to suggest that a military coup was inevitable from the Africanistas against the Second Republic?
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