The Origins and the Causes of the First World War - What were the main 'trigger causes'? - Invasion of Poland

6 important questions on The Origins and the Causes of the First World War - What were the main 'trigger causes'? - Invasion of Poland

What are examples of Polish threats in the 1920s?

  1. Poland trapped in-between an unforgiving Germany to west and resentful Russia to the east:
  2. Russo-German agreement at Rapallo
  3. Locarno Treaty: Germany's failure to guarantee eastern borders


Therefore, Poland sought security through armed forces and treaties with France

What weakened Poland's international position  in the 1930s?

  1. Rise of Hitler
  2. Bankruptcy of French policy toward eastern Europe
  3. Entry of Soviet Union into diplomatic arena

What was Polish foreign Policy between 1932-1939?

Polish foreign ministry pursued a policy based on the principle that Soviet Union posed a greater threat to Poland than Hitler and Germany:
"With the Germans we risk losing our liberty. With the Russians we lose our souls." - General Beck

For example:
  1. 1934: Polish-German non-aggression pact
  2. Refusal to allow passage to Soviet troops in the event of war

Moreover there was an overestimation of Polish strength; eg.:
  1. Poland participated in partition of Czechoslovakia; March 1939 gaining Teschen
  2. Staking unsuccessful claim to Slovakia
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What events signalled that Hitler's next step was invading Poland?

  1. April 1939: renounced Germany's non-aggression pact with Poland and renewed German claims to Danzig
  2. May 1939: "Pact of Steel" meant that Italy wouldn't question Hitler's choice to invade Poland - Elizabeth Wiskemann "Mussolini gave Hitler carte blanche [complete freedom of action] to attack Poland and to plunge into the Second World War."
  3. August 1939: Nazi-Soviet Pact meant USSR wouldn't stop him
  4. Meanwhile, German press conducted a campaign of accusation concerning alleged persecution of Poland's German minority

What was the British and French reaction towards Hitler's threatening behaviour towards Poland?

last-week of August 1939:
They still were desperately trying an policy of appeasement!
Anglo-French joint efforts to persuade Poland to sacrifice Danzig!

What was the focus of hostility created by the Treaty of Versailles between Poland and Germany?

"Free City" of Danzig:

Treaty of Versailles gave Poland complete control of:
  1. Danzig docks
  2. customs duties
  3. railway system
  4. foreign relations


Danzig still undeniably a Germany city:
  1. 400,000 Germans lived there
  2. Didn't have a Polish name until 1919 when 'Gdansk' was invented


Moreover, the 'corridor' contained 1 million Germans; this was not a part of the settlement that would be easily settle by Germans

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