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Origins and Causes of the Spanish Civil War - The Rise of the Left

Q: When did the Left first start to emerge in Spain, and in what form?

1868 : showed the birth of Anarchism - Anarchism was more widely accepted in Spain than other left-Wing ideas

Q: When, and for what reason did Anarchism first wide notice in Spain?

Anarchism first gained notice in 1870s in Spain: particularly after one incident: In 1873 a strike in Alcoy was used by Anarchists to spread radical ideas This caused police to fire on the strikers & meant that Anarchism was banned

Q: Where, and or what reason, was Anarchism mostly based in Spain?

Anarchist movements were largely based in the countryside because it was much harder to police rural areas for banned ideas than the cities

Q: What was the state of Anarchism during the 1880s and 1890s in Spain?

Anarchists acts were reduced to lone terrorist attacks , these were fiercely repressed by the state, and the perpetrators were often tortured

Q: What was the new Anarchist movement which started in the 20th Century?

Anarcho-Syndicalism: This was the theory that the state could be challenged instead of through lone terrorism, but by organised co-operative strike action of workers!

Q: What are examples of Anarcho-Syndicalism taking hold in Spain in the early 20th Century?

1900 : Formation of the 'Federation of Workers' Societies of the Spanish Region' : this movement organised strikes to exercise political power although they were repressed by the state 26th July 1909 : General strike in Barcelona - led by UGT - Union General de Trabajodores Caused by: wage cuts closures of factories call up of men to a Colonial War in Morocco Major event: Strikers: attacks on railway lines anti-clericalism: eighty churches and monasteries were attacked Government Response: Swift and merciless 1700 arrests five leaders executed

Q: What is an example of the strengthening of the organisation of the Anarchist movement in the early 20th Century?

1910 : formation of the Confederación Nacional de Trabajo (CNT - National Confederation of Labour ) 1910 (immediately after formation): general strike called but troops rushed to cities to put down and organisation banned 1917 : allied with Union General de Trabajadores (UGT) 1917: another g eneral strike called by both - Barcelona became a war zone between strikers and police and army

Q: What was the effect of the First World War on the left-wing movement in Spain?

After 1917 , unrest increased : Russian Revolution P ost -First World War Depression (caused by disruption of international trade and war payments ; agriculture worldwide hit by falling prices and demand for food and raw materials - even before 1929 farmers suffered from reduced incomes) 1919: General Strike in Barcelona involving 100,000 workers - first time concessions gained union recognition eight hour day - which became law in 1919 However left-wing violence continued ; and contributed to establishment of right-wing military dictatorship led by Primo de Rivera

Q: How did the Left wing movement change under Primo de Rivera's dictatorship from 1923-1930 ?

Continued despite ban on Anarchism between 1923-1930. However: 1927 (like usual!) movement split: more radical Federacion Anarquista Iberica (FAI, Spanish Anarchist Federation) although membership initially low (fewer than 30,000) it grew later on militant, and organised bank robberies and assassinations CNT remained the same

Q: What were the main areas of Anarchism in Spain after 1917?

Analucia (Southern Agricultural Spain), Aragon in the West, and Castille in Central Spain

10 important questions on Origins and Causes of the Spanish Civil War - The Rise of the Left

When did the Left first start to emerge in Spain, and in what form?

1868 : showed the birth of Anarchism - Anarchism was more widely accepted in Spain than other left-Wing ideas

When, and for what reason did Anarchism first wide notice in Spain?

Anarchism first gained notice in 1870s in Spain:
particularly after one incident:
In 1873 a strike in Alcoy was used by Anarchists to spread radical ideas
This caused police to fire on the strikers & meant that Anarchism was banned

Where, and or what reason, was Anarchism mostly based in Spain?

Anarchist movements were largely based in the countryside because it was much harder to police rural areas for banned ideas than the cities

What was the state of Anarchism during the 1880s and 1890s in Spain?

Anarchists acts were reduced to lone terrorist attacks, these were fiercely repressed by the state, and the perpetrators were often tortured

What was the new Anarchist movement which started in the 20th Century?

Anarcho-Syndicalism: This was the theory that the state could be challenged instead of through lone terrorism, but by organised co-operative strike action of workers!

What are examples of Anarcho-Syndicalism taking hold in Spain in the early 20th Century?

1900: Formation of the "Federation of Workers' Societies of the Spanish Region' : this movement organised strikes to exercise political power although they were repressed by the state
26th July 1909: General strike in Barcelona - led by UGT - Union General de Trabajodores

Caused by:

wage cuts
closures of factories
call up of men to a Colonial War in Morocco

Major event:
Strikers:

attacks on railway lines
anti-clericalism: eighty churches and monasteries were attacked

Government Response:

Swift and merciless
1700 arrests
five leaders executed

What is an example of the strengthening of the organisation of the Anarchist movement in the early 20th Century?

1910: formation of the Confederación Nacional de Trabajo (CNT - National Confederation of Labour )
1910 (immediately after formation): general strike called but troops rushed to cities to put down and organisation banned
1917: allied with Union General de Trabajadores (UGT)
1917: another general strike called by both - Barcelona became a war zone between strikers and police and army

What was the effect of the First World War on the left-wing movement in Spain?

After 1917, unrest increased:

Russian Revolution
Post -First World War Depression (caused by disruption of international trade and war payments; agriculture worldwide hit by falling prices and demand for food and raw materials - even before 1929 farmers suffered from reduced incomes)

1919: General Strike in Barcelona involving 100,000 workers - first time concessions gained

union recognition
eight hour day - which became law in 1919

However left-wing violence continued; and contributed to establishment of right-wing military dictatorship led by Primo de Rivera

How did the Left wing movement change under Primo de Rivera's dictatorship from 1923-1930 ?

Continued despite ban on Anarchism between 1923-1930.
However: 1927 (like usual!) movement split:

more radical Federacion Anarquista Iberica (FAI, Spanish Anarchist Federation)
although membership initially low (fewer than 30,000) it grew later on
militant, and organised bank robberies and assassinations

CNT remained the same

What were the main areas of Anarchism in Spain after 1917?

Analucia (Southern Agricultural Spain), Aragon in the West, and Castille in Central Spain

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

History for the IB Diploma: Causes, Practices and Effects of Wars | 9780521189316 | Michael Wells, et al

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Topics that are related to Origins and Causes of the Spanish Civil War - The Rise of the Left

Origins and Causes of the Spanish Civil War - The Rise of the Left

10 important questions on Origins and Causes of the Spanish Civil War - The Rise of the Left

When did the Left first start to emerge in Spain, and in what form?

When, and for what reason did Anarchism first wide notice in Spain?

Where, and or what reason, was Anarchism mostly based in Spain?

What was the state of Anarchism during the 1880s and 1890s in Spain?

What was the new Anarchist movement which started in the 20th Century?

What are examples of Anarcho-Syndicalism taking hold in Spain in the early 20th Century?

What is an example of the strengthening of the organisation of the Anarchist movement in the early 20th Century?

What was the effect of the First World War on the left-wing movement in Spain?

How did the Left wing movement change under Primo de Rivera's dictatorship from 1923-1930 ?

What were the main areas of Anarchism in Spain after 1917?

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