Spanish Civil War

9 important questions on Spanish Civil War

What was the Spanish Civil War mainly about?

The Spanish Civil War was mainly a 'war of ideas': it was a war fought over ideologies:

  • profound traditional catholicism against liberal secularism
  • regional independence against traditional central control
  • political liberalism against conservative monarchy
  • But for those outside Spain it felt more like a battle between Fascism and Communism

Describe Spanish Government in the 19th Century?

Alternated Government between:

  • Absolute Monarchy
  • Liberal Monarchy
  • Republic

Describe the Regional Situation?

Although since the 15th Century there had been centralised Madrid Rule, increasing slow bureaucracy was disliked particularly by the regions:
  • Basque
  • Catalonia
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When did Alfonso XIII become King of Spain?

1902

What was the general opinion of the Spanish Government before the Second Republic?

  1. People had little respect for the Spanish Parliament, because there was such a narrow franchise the majority of people weren't represented
  2. Moreover, made up of a series of UNSTABLE COALITIONS that seemed to be held together by factional/family/regional alliances

What was a new political movement taking hold in Spain during the 19th-20th Centuries?

Revolutionary Anarchism
  1. Developed amongst discontented PEASANTS and small new INDUSTRIALIZED WORKING CLASS

What are two examples of military power in Spanish Government, and Political Instability in Spain prior to the 20th Century?

  1. 1803-1936: 19 military coups
  2. 1833-1876: 3 Civil Wars: the Carlist Wars fought between Carlists and Liberal Alfonsists

Historically, what examples demonstrated that Catalonia had consistently been difficult to integrate into 'Spain'?

  1. 1640: Major rebellion in Catalonia, where France intervened to maintain Catalan separatism
  2. early 18th Century: War of Spanish Succession, Catalonia resisted accession of Bourbon dynasty in Spain, only in 1714 was it completely subjugated by Bourbon Philip V who abolished Catalan constitution and autonomy
  3. 19th Century: Catalan separatism re-emerged; Catalan nationalist gave support to conservative Carlists to win concessions from Alfonsists
  4. 1850s: resurgence began in proper as efforts made to revive the Catalan language

Why might Catalonia and the Basque region want to separate from the rest of Spain?

The Basque region and Catalonia were the most industrialised within Spain:
  • Catalonia had a strong ship-building and textile industry
  • Basque produced Tungsten, Iron and steel

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