Lecture title - History 3 Diet
18 important questions on Lecture title - History 3 Diet
How is diet studied (5)
Plant remains
Stable isotope analysis
Dental microwear
Modelling based on environmental recosntruction
Describe the niche differentiation between paranthropus and habilis
Paranthropus: tough plant foods
What do stable carbon isotopes tell us about paranthropus diets
Boisei: more C4 plants
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How does dental microwear differ between food types
Soft, tough food: shearing tooth movement, simmple & isotropic microwear texture
Describe the robustus diet/microwear
Very little chipping
Mixed diet, plant foods, insects, hard 'fallback foods' ?
Describe the habilis diet
Oldowan lithics found together with animal bones
Describe Oldowan sites
Hunted meat and plant foods shared
Origins of human society, division of labour
Product of different processes in which hominin actions are only one
Describe power scavenging
Still practiced today
Describe two viable scavenging options
Marrow
Describe the foraging, diet and processing of habilis and early erectus
High quality food: meat, maybe also insects, underground starchy plant organs?
Part of digestive processing outsourced by tool use
Different from more-plant based Paranthropus diet bu also from hunter-gatherer systems
How did the brain influence energy consumption
Energy-dense food may fuel expansion
When was the first controlled fire
Describe neanderthal diet
Also plant foods
How do stable isotopes give insight in ecosystem (4)
Body prefers to use 15N
With each step in trophic level -> 3% increase
Nitrogen from meat overrepresented, omnivore with 50-50 diet indistinguishable from carnivore
Describe modern human diet (+ periods)
Also hunt large herbivores
Also focus on prime-aged individuals
Broader diet
Describe modern human foragers diet + hunting
Ranged weapons
Increased importance of plants?
Describe hunter-gatherer diets + reason for gathering
Still depend on plant foods in many societies
Reasons for gathering:
- Can be highly productive
- Division of labour -> reduced risk
- Up to 97% of hunts unsuccessful
Describe agriculture (possibility, mandatory, trouble)
Mandatory in stable Holocene climate
We may be in trouble with instability of Anthropocene
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