Tsarist Russia - Stalin Russia
11 important questions on Tsarist Russia - Stalin Russia
How did Stalin take power? (Stalin Takes Power)
- Secretary- Stalin was made General Secretary as everyone else thought it was a dull job but he used it to get his supporters into certain positions
- Trotsky was unpopular- He was brilliant but people thought he was big-headed, was told the wrong date for Lenin's funeral and wanted to cause a world revolution
- Politically Ruthless
How was Stalin politically ruthless? (5)
- The politburo was divided into leftists- (Zinoviev and Kamenev) wanted world revolution and to abolish NEP but didn't like Trotsky
- And Rightists (Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky) wanted to continue the NEP until the USSR was stronger
- First Stalin allied with Zinoviev and Kamenev to cover up Lenin's will and to get Trotsky dismissed (1925)
- Then he allied with the rightists to get Zinoviev and Kamenev dismissed (1927)
- Finally he argued that the NEP wasn't communist and got Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky dismissed.
Why did Stalin Collectivise (Six Factors Now To Collectivise Kolkhoz)
- Soviet agriculture was backward- old-fashioned, inefficient, no machinery, too small
- Food was needed for workers in towns
- NEP was not working- 20 million tons short of grain to feed towns
- Town workers were needed
- Cash crops were needed
- Kulaks opposed communism
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What were the Successes of collectivisation? (Quite Modern Government Technology Encourages Collectivisation)
- Quarter of a million kolkhoz
- More modern
- Grain
- Town workers
- End of nobles
- Communists control completely
What were the failures of collectivisation?(Poor Foolish Kulaks)
Famine- millions died
Kulaks- eliminated
What were the reasons for the 5 year plans?
- Many regions of the USSR were backward
- Stalin believed that the USSR would become strong enough to survive and outstrip the capitalist countries
- He believed Germany would invade
- The 5 year plans were very useful propaganda
What were the successes of the 5 year plans? (3)
- The USSR was turned into a modern state
- There was a genuine Communist enthusiasm among the young
- There were huge achievements in the following areas: new cities, hydroelectric power, transport, Moscow underground, farm machinery, electricity, coal , steel, fertilisers, plastic, no unemployment, medicine and education.
What were the failures of the 5 year plans? (3)
- Poorly organised
- appalling human cost: discipline, secret police, slave, labour camps, accidents, few consumer goods, poor housing, low wages, no human rights)qqqw
- Some historians claim the Tsar had done the 'spadework' in setting up the basework for industrialisation and it would of happened anyway regardless of Stalin
How did Stalin use terror? (Stalin Takes Total Control)
- Secret police
- The first purges- included anybody who opposed industrialisation and collectivisation
- The great purges- included: political opponents (Show trials- always pleaded guilty to save family), The Army, The Church, Ethnic Groups and Ordinary people
- Cult of personality- pictures(manipulated), statues, continuous praise, places named after him, children taught from young ages, history books changed to make Stalin the Hero
Why Unneeded Purgers?
- Whole Country- country needs to be united with him as a strong leader
- Urgency- Stalin believed Russia and 10 years to catch up with the western world before Germany invaded
- Paranoia- Stalin became increasingly paranoid and power-mad, in 1935 his wife killed herself
Results Of The Terror-Insane Stalin Grabs All Power
- Russification
- Orthodox Church attacked
- Twenty million dead, many more imprisoned
- Terror
- Industry
- Stalin cult
- Gulag
- Army and navy weakened
- Purges.
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