Summary: Hnh24806

Read the summary and the most important questions on HNH24806

• E-modules on prevalence, incidence and standardisation

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• What does a/how things a clinician?

  He translates scientific knowledge and procedures to: "What is the best treatment for this specific patient?"

• What does a/How things an epidemiologist in academic setting?

  "How can I be sure about this specific exposure-effect, independent of the context of this person or population"

• Incidence in closed population + what is a closed population

  Measure of disease occurrence:
  

  • incidence proportion (IP)
  • incidence rate (IR)

  
  
  closed population
  

  • bases ons fixed membership 
  • no one can be added 
  • but people may die, lost to follow-up etc
  • becomes smaller in time 
  • everyone is followed 

• Incidence in open population + what is a open population

  Measure of disease occurrence:
  

  • incidence rate (IR)

  
  
  open cohort or dynamic population 
  

  • can take new members with time 
  • people move in and out of the area 
  • number remain about the same 
  • no follow-up when leaving 

• Relationship between incidence, prevalence and duration

  Zie de afbeelding

• C2 public health & its study designs

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• When you call it a risk you are looking at...

  Incidence proportion/Cumulative incidence

• When do you use direct standardisation? And when indirect standardisation?

  direct:
  

  • To compare rates across different countries 
    
  • to compare rates between different subgroups within one country 

  
  
  indirect:
  

  • Same, but especially used when subgroups are small and the age-specific rates are not very reliable or unknown 

• L1 pulmonary diseases (longziektes)

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• What are the risk factors for COPD

  Environmental risk factors 
  

  • smokers
  • (roken tijdens zwangerschap)
  • mee roken (mensen die in je omgeving roken)
  • outdoor air pollution + indoor air pollution 
  • blootstelling tijdens het werken 

  
  genetic susceptibility 
  ageing 

• E-modules + assignment cancer

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• What is health? (Uitspraken)

  • Absence of illness 
    
  • a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being (1948)
  • ability to adapt and self manage in the face of social, physical, and emotional challenger (2011)

  
  
  Health is weighed by personal values and preferences, and group characteristics (age, gender, culture)

• What are the organised efforts of society?

  • Governmental organizations
    
  • non-governmental organizations 

  
  
  acting on:
  - local, regional, national or international level