Summary: Hofstede & Renan

Read the summary and the most important questions on Hofstede & Renan

• 1 Renan

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• According to Renan, what is a nation? 

  A nation is an outcome of both present and past, a long past of efforts, sacrifices and devotions. A nation is therefore a great solidarity constituted by the feeling of sacrifices made and those that one is still disposed to make.

• what are, according to Renan, not sufficient arguments to explain the establishment of modern nationalities?

  Not good arguments: race, language, religion, community of interest, geography/natural frontiers and military necessities

• Would Renan see hostede's dimensions as an important building block for nation building processes? 

  If these dimensions were a building block, then we suppose that the differences in the culture e.g. the individualism & the way we treat power distance, brought people together to build a nation. I do not think this is true. Again, according to Renan it is the common past with the sacrifices and glories that create a people. This in my opinion contradicts with taking Hofstede's dimensions as a building block as a nation.

• How would renan respond to cultural dimensions?

  Well, as Renan stresses a nation is a group of people that have a mutual consent to live together and share a common past. The dimensions of Hofstede might hint slightly in this direction. But, it is far too simple to just say that a common score on these dimensions reflect a person's willingness to live together with his equally scoring 'partner'. Hofstede only takes the average of the people living in a country

• Bout the Dutch Anthem: Would Renan see this text as a further proof/reflection of the points he wanted to raise in his lecture? 

  
  
  * German blood: Renan strongly opposes the idea of a racedefininganation.
  * A prince of orange: Renan strongly opposes defining a nation by referringto its formerdynasty. 
  * Are you, o God my lord: Renan strongly oppose this idea, sinds this stanza is totally dedicated to the believe in God (religion), religion has become something individual and concerns the conscienceofeach

• 2 Hofstede

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• people are  `mentally programmed’, according to Hofstede.

  why mental? > software of the mind
  why programming? > physically determined by states of our brain cells, we can observe behavior

• Universal level of mental programming

  shared by all human kind. This is the biologiscal 'operating system' of the human body, but it includes a range of expressive behaviors, suchs as laughing and weeping

• Collective level of mental programming

  shared with some but not all other people, it is common to people beloning to a certain group or category, but different from people beloning to other groups. (language/deference showed to others/ physical distance/general human activities

• Individual level of mental programming

  truly unique part: no two people are programmed exactly alike. Level of individual personality, and it provides for a wide range of alternative behaviors within the same collective culture. 

• Which levels are inherited, which one are learned?

  universal level > inherited, that part of our genetic information is common to he entire human species
  
  individual level > part of our programming must be inherited
  
  collective level > most of our mental programming is learned, we share it with people