Case 4 Bigger is better
8 important questions on Case 4 Bigger is better
Upper respiratory tract
Lower respiratory tract
Cell types in alveoli
Type II alveolar cells: smaller but thicker, synthesize and secrete surfactant
it mixes with fluid lining of alveoli, to aid lungs as they expand.
Lung tissue itself can not contract, but the connective tissue around it can create elastic recoil.
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Functions nose/nasal cavity
Filters, warms and moistens incoming air
Olfactory mucosa contains smell receptors
Functions and parts of the pharynx
contains pharyngeal tonsil, traps and kills pathogens.
Oropharynx: Turns into stratified squamous, increased friction,
protects from spice, air and food.
Laryngopharynx: During swallowing, air passage temporarily
stops (epiglottis), food and fluid enter esophagus.
Functions and layers of trachea (10-12 cm)
Function: contraction of tracheal muscle, causes expired air to rush upward.Layers:
- Mucosa (goblet cells)
- Submucosa (mucus glands)
- Hyaline cartilage
- Adventitia
Dead space volume
If TV is 500 ml, only 350 ml of it is involved in alveolar ventilation.
Ventilation perfusion ratio (V/Q ratio)
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