Summary: Hoorcollege 5

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• 1 Hoofdstuk

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• What are Basic utopian and dystopian intuitions about internet & inequality

  · The internet makes information and information production available to all, so internet usage will reduce inequality
  · Resources tend to accumulate and internet is no different so internet usage will increase inequality 

• What are the four types of capital and explain each one.

  Financial capital: What you own
  
  Human capital : what you can do (education for example)
  
  Cultural capital: What you know (e.g. table manners/accent/high culture/recognize opera/You cannot get a high level job if you’re table manners are off/Cultural code) For internet use this is important, how do you represent on the internet/ grammar & spelling
  
  Social capital:  who you know

• What is the relational definition of social capital?

  Resources embedded in networks (Lin, Flap) (this is the definition of this course)

• What is a form of social capital?

  · Resource of your relations
  · Being a member of certain clubs
  

  • Social support 
  • From the relations themselves (e.g., being lonely vs having 

  good friends, belonging) 
  

  • From the structure of your network (e.g., strength of weak ties) 

• What are implications for individual social capital?

  
  · If information travels more efficiently through weak ties…
  · … individuals with relatively more weak ties are more likely to receive novel information before others do ..
  · Which will benefit them in competitive context
  · Information through bridges trafel faster 

• What are structural holes according to Burt

  
  · Emphasis on network structure rather than strong/weak ties
  · Attention for strategic advantages of network position
  · Measure: network constrain (lower = better)
  · Parallel with betweenness centrality
  
  Structural holes if you are connected to a friend’s group but only to one. Al the other people in the friend groups are connected to each other

• What are the strengths of strong ties according to Coleman

  · Strong ties are more likely to be part of tightknit groups
  · Because of higher interaction frequency and overlap of relations, trust and cooperation are more likely to develop
  • Thus: weak ties may be better for getting valuable information, strong ties for getting support

• What is meant with "trust as a "lubricant" of society

  · Lack of trust may be “repaired” by formal contract, guarantees, institutions, etc.
  · But: such solutions are costly! 
  · Social interactions based on trust run more smoothly, quickly and efficiently
  Trust is the lubricant since it results in quicker and more smoother transactions 
  · Trust is a social resource  social capital 
  · Social networks promote trust

• What is trust in strong ties

  Repeated interaction (dyadic embeddedness)
  e.g. Go to the same car dealer every time.
  
  So if you write a paper, it would be better if you see them in the future of your study instead of only once.

• What is Trust via third parties: benefit of network closure

  Sellers (trustee)
  If you sell a bad car it can spread through a network so a potential econd buyer will not buy from you.
  So your reputation matters.
  
  -------
  
  
  
  
  Trustee interacts with multiple buyers, and there are ties between the buyers
  Strategy of the buyers:
  – If trust if abused, tell the other buyers
  – Stop trusting if you hear about abuse of trust
  
  
  • →the seller has to worry abut his reputation in the long run • The buyers anticipate this, and can therefore trust the seller