Obesity II

17 important questions on Obesity II

Name some chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.

  • Microvascular
  • Macrovascular
  • Other like gastrointestinals

What happens in retinal vascular microaneurisms?

The blood vessels grow weaker. This is due to the High Blood Pressure.

What is a diagnostic sign of retinal vascular microaneurisms?

hemorrhages and cotten wool spots in the eyes.
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What causes Proliferate DRP?

Hypertension which causes hypoxia in the retina.

How is exsudative DRP characterised?

  • yellow spots in the eye
  • vessel leakage

Name some characteristics of a proliferative retinopathy.

  • retina neovascularisation
  • visus decreasion

What are the treatment options of proliferative DRP?

Decrease of the VEGF concentrations by laser.

What is proliferative DRP?

The angiogenesis of poor quality vessel in the eye.

What are the risk factors for DRP?

  • type 1: 80% after 15 years
  • type 2: 37% at diagnosis
  • regulation of diabetes by HbA1c (overal measure)
  • Hypertension
  • Nephropathy
  • Pregnancy
  • Ethnic group choice
  • The elderly

Why is pregnancy a risk factor of diabetes?

because pregnancy promotes insulin resistance.

How do you diagnose for diabetic retinopathy?

  • diabetic type differentiation
  • screening every 2 years
  • screening every 3 months in pregnancy

Which diseases are usually paired with diabetic nephropathy?

  • retinopathy
  • hypertension

Why is the treatment outcome of chronic subdiseases in diabetes type 1 much higher than in diabetes type 2?

This is because most type 1 patients are diagnosed at the very beginning of their disease whereas type 2 are usually not.

What are the glomular hemodynamics on kidney diseases?

  • High BP causes dilation of arteries in just before the glomerulus
  • Increased intraglomerular hypertension
  • sclerosis of the glomerulus due to hypertension
  • start of albuminuria

How is diabetic nephropathy treated?

  • hypertension blockers
  • intraglomular hypertension releasers (ACE-inhibitor)
  • glucose regulation

What is a potent treatment option of diabetic nephropathy?

ACE-inhibitors

What are the characteristics of a ischemic diabetic foot?

  • numbness
  • cold and clammy

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