Immunology - Lecture Thirty Three : Innate immunology III
6 important questions on Immunology - Lecture Thirty Three : Innate immunology III
What is the purpose of antigen uptake and Adaptive Immunity ?
- Clearance of pathogens (innate response)
- For presentation to T Cells (adaptive response)
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
- Has evolved over time and are present in vertebrates (which need a complex immune system) but absent in invertebrates (who have innate immunity only)
Linking the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
What is a Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) ?How are peptide-antigen presented on the MHC ?
- Dendritic Cells are one of the main types of Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) and their function is to present peptides on MHC to T-Cells
- Because it activates the T-Cells, MHC is essential for initiating adaptive immunity
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
What are the roles of the different types of MHC ?
- Presents endogenous (intracellular) antigen and is expressed on all nucleated cells in the human body. Basically any cell with a nucleus, will have MHC-I
- This is because viruses like to grow inside cells and are the predominant pathogen presented on MHC-I
MHC-II
- Presents exogenous (extracellular) antigen and is only an antigen presenting cell, making it a special cell
- Dendritic cells have both types of MHC present
How does MHC-I present endogenous antigens ?
- Viruses invade different cells in the body and so their antigen will be present inside of the cell cytoplasm
- Because we can't phagocytose the virus, theres no destruction of viruses in a phagolysosome
- Instead the loading of the peptides onto MHC-I occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and then the complex travels to the cell surface.
- The destruction of the virus occurs in the cytoplasm
How are exogenous antigens loaded onto MHC-II?
- Phagocytosis of the antigen occurs and is broken down into component parts by the phagolysosome which is acidic
- The peptides from the antigen are loaded onto the MHC-II in the phagolysosome and sent to the cell surface. This displays the peptide for our B-Cells and T-Cells to detect
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
