Immunology - Lecture Thirty Seven : Immune responses to viruses
3 important questions on Immunology - Lecture Thirty Seven : Immune responses to viruses
What is the difference between Cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity ?
HUMORAL
- Involves B cells becoming activated to plasma cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies and memory B cells against antigens for extracellular pathogens
- Involves CD4 T cells interacting with MHC/peptide complexes to either produce CD8 T cells to kill infected cells, or stimulate non-specific agents (NK cells & macrophages) to destroy the infected cells.
What are the 4 stages of microbial pathogenesis?
Microbes invade the body in 4 stages :
- Adherence to host cell
- Invasion of host tissues
- Replication within host tissues, which leads to further exposure at local sites
- They cause disease by secreting toxic substances and growing which damages tissues at original and distance sites
What are the 2 basic components of a vaccine and how does it work to help prime the immune response for future exposure to viral pathogen?
Vaccines have 2 components :
- Antigen (what the immune system recognises): Viral antigen which has been heat killed or attenuated - passed through many non-human cells and acquired mutations as it replicates, these mutations make the virus unable to grow well inside of human cells, therefore is not able to cause disease)
- Adjuvant : helps to enhance the immune response against the antigen
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