Immunology - Lecture Thirty Eight : Immune response to viral infections
4 important questions on Immunology - Lecture Thirty Eight : Immune response to viral infections
What is Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) ? What cells are missing in SCID ?
- SCID is a rare genetic disorder where the development of T-Cells and B-Cells is disturbed
- Essentially these individuals with SCID do not have T and B Cells. Therefore they can not fight off infections very well
- Most of these individuals appear healthy at birth but because of the lack of T and B cells, they're highly susceptible to severe infections
What is an example of an autoimmune disorder whos immune cells attacking self cells ?
- It is an autoimmune disease. It occurs when the tolerance mechanisms fail which allows the lymphocytes to attack the joint tissue
What are the effector molecules and cells involved in Type 1 Hypersensitivity ?
- mediated by the IgE antibody
- When an allergen comes into contact with the immune system, it will induce the cross linking of IgE on mast cells and basophils
- This will stimulate the release of granules/vasoactive mediators from the mast cells, which causes the allergic symptoms like hay fever, hives, food allergies, asthma, eczema and anaphylaxis
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Explain the sequence of events that occurs for allergic response
- First exposure to the allergen. This activates the T and B cells , switching them to IgE class.
- B cells will secrete IgE antibodies into the circulation.
- These antibodies will bind to receptors on mast cells, which sensitizes them.
- Upon repeat exposure to the allergen, the mast cells will degranulate - releasing granules (histamine) thus causing inflammation and smooth muscle spasm
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