Immunology - Lecture Thirty : Introduction to immunology and the immune system
5 important questions on Immunology - Lecture Thirty : Introduction to immunology and the immune system
What is immunology ? How does the immune system protect the body?
- The immune system is an organised system of organs, cells and molecules that interact together to defend the body against disease
- The immune system is composed of organs (spleen), cells (T cells) and molecules (antibodies)
What are the main features of the human lymphatic system ?
- Thymus : where T Cells (White Blood Cells) become more mature and learn not to react to itself
- Bone Marrow : source of stem cells that develop into immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses
SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS : initiate immune responses
- Lymph nodes : Located along lymphatic vessels and is the site where lymph fluid is filtered into from the tissues and an immune response is initiated.
- Spleen : initiates immune responses against blood-borne pathogens
What are the physical and chemical barriers of skin that prevent pathogen entry into the body ?
- Epidermis : most superficial layer. Made of dead cells, and keratin. Provide a physical barrier for pathogens trying to enter the body
- Dermis : thick layer of connective tissue, collagen, and blood vessels. Provide a physical barrier for pathogens trying to enter the body
- Both the epidermis and dermis contain phagocytic immune cells that phagocytose any pathogens
- Antimicrobial peptides : poke holes in microbial cell membranes
- Lysozyme : is an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls
- Sebum : makes skin more acidic
- Salt (NaCl) : secreted in our sweat (from sweat glands). Salt creates a hypertonic environment, which dehydrates pathogens
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What are the 2 arms of the immune system ? What are the main features ?
INNATE IMMUNITY :
- Born with it
- Rapid (occurs in hours)
- Fixed and has no specific memory against pathogens
- Responses starts slowly and improves over time
- Slower (days to weeks)
- Variable response depending on pathogen
- Highly specific response to pathogen
- Has long term memory
What are some examples of diseases affected by the immune response ?
- Infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS - caused by pathogens, or viruses and bacteria which cause this disease
- Inflammatory disease like Arthritis, allergies and autoimmune diseases
- Cancer
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