Physiology heart
24 important questions on Physiology heart
Why do you need platelets? What is another name?
Important for the clotting of the blood (coagulation or thrombosis)
What are the requirements for the cardiovascular system?
- Pressure-regulated, closed system
- Blood must be fluid
- Blood must not run off indefinitely if damage occurs
When do you use serum in medicine?
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When do you use plasma in medicine?
What do you know about hemostasis and endothelium?
Hemostasis is the prevention of blood loss (opposite to what endothelial cells do).
These two systems must be in balance with each other.
What are the four mechanisms of hemostasis?
- Vasoconstriction: reduced blood flow
- Formation of a platelet plug
- Formation of a blood clot due to coagulation (thrombosis)
- Dissolution of the fibrin (blood) clot (fibrinolysis)
What is the function of the von Willebrand Factor (vWF)?
What is the function of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa?
What are the steps in the formation of a blood clot due to coagulation (thrombosis)?
How is the fibrin clot dossoluted (fibrinolysis)?
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA): lysis of fibrin clot in the tissues
What inhibits the plasminogen activators (t-PA and u-PA)?
Endothelial cells are anti-thrombotic. What are the three mechanisms?
- Antithrombine III
- Activated C protein
- Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor
How is protein C activated?
What are the different plasma types?
- EDTA-plasma
- Citrate-plasma
- Heparine-plasma
What is special about EDTA plasma?
What is special about citrate-plasma?
What is special about heparine-plasma?
What is the pulse pressure?
What are the three blood pressure regulating systems?
- The heart
- The kidneys
- The blood vessels
Where can blood pressure be regulated?
- Local/autoregulation (in tissues)
- Central/endocrine regulation (long-lasting)
- Central/neural regulation (short-lasting)
What is local regulation of the blood pressure?
To vasodilate: make nitric oxide (NO)
So if endothelial cells detect vasodilation they will make endothelin-1, if they detect vasoconstriction they will make NO.
Where do new RBC originate? What is this process called?
Epo is needed to go from stemcell to erythrocyte. But what do you need to produce functional erythrocytes?
What is capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)?
Proteins do not move into the tissues
Blood also moves into the tissues, but osmotic forces cause the blood to move back into capillaries --> blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
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