Anatomy respiration

16 important questions on Anatomy respiration

The respiratory system is divided into two parts. What are these?

  • Upper respiratory system: above the larynx (glottis)
  • Lower respiratory system: below the larynx (glottis)

What does the respiratory mucosa consist of?

  • An epithelial layer
  • An areolar layer called the lamina propria

What is the Waldeyer's ring? What does it consist of?

An incomplete ring with lymphoid tissue (immune system). It consists of the:
  • Pharyngeal tonsil/adenoid
  • Palatine tonsil
  • Lingual tonsil
  • (tonsilla tubaria)
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What is the description of thyroid cartilage?

  • Forms anterior and lateral walls of larynx
  • Anterior surface called laryngeal prominence, or Adam's apple
  • Ligaments attach to hyoid bone, epiglottis, and laryngeal cartilages

What is the description of the cricoid cartilage?

  • Forms posterior portion of larynx
  • Ligaments attach to first tracheal cartilage
  • Articulates with arytenoid cartilages

What does the arytenoid cartilage function in?

  • Opening and closing of glottis
  • Production of sound

What are the vocal chords?

Ligaments of the larynx (vestibular and vocal ligaments). They extend between the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages. They are covered by folds of laryngeal epithelium that project into glottis.

What is the function of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

Parts of the larynx move relative to each other

How are the intrinsic laryngeal muscles innervated?

By the recurrent laryngeal nerve

What separates the left and right bronchi?

A ride inside the trachea: carina

What is different between the left and right primary bronchus?

The right primary bronchus has a bigger diameter and more steep.

What is the function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

  • Contraction draws air into the lungs
  • 75% of normal air movement

What is the function of the external intercostal muscles?

  • Assist during inhalation
  • 25% of normal air movement

What is the function of the accessory muscles during inhalation?

Elevating the ribs

What is the function of internal intercostal and transverse thoracic muscles during exhalation?

Depress the ribs

What is the function of abdominal muscles during exhalation?

Compress the abdomen and force the diaphragm to go upward.

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