Summary: Human Anatomy | 9780073403700 | Kenneth Saladin
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1 Introduction to Anatomy
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Modern Anatomy Dates in Time
-First idealized and explored in the 16th century
-credit: Andreas Vesalivs -
Methods of Studying Anatomy
-INSPECTION: surface appearance
-PALPATION: "hands on" "palpating swollen lymph node"
-AUSCULTATION: listening, natural sounds made by the body
-PERCUSSION: "taps" check for abnormal resistance by listening to emitted sounds for abnormalities (pockets of fluid, air, scar tissue)
-DISSECTION: cut, separate tissues, reveals relationships between tissues -
Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan)
-assesses the metabolic state of tissue to distinguish which tissues are most active at a given moment
-inject radioactively labeled glucose, emitting positrons
-shows extent of tissue death from a heart attack
-dead tissue absorbs no glucose so appears dark in image -
Male Reproductive System
-principle organs: testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate glands, penis
-production and delivery of sperm, secretion of sex hormones -
Female Reproductive System
-principle organs: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
-production of eggs, site of fertilization and fetal development, fetal nourishment, brith, lactation, secretion of sex hormones -
Locations of Abdominal Structures
-Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ):
-Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
-Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ):
-Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ): -
Terms of Dividing Planes for Abdominus
-midclavicular line: Runs superior and inferior the hypochondriac, lumbar, and inguinal region (runs through midpoint of clavical)
-subcoastal line: runs medial and lateral directly beneath the epigastric region (connects inferior borders of the lowest costal cartilages)
-intertubicular line: runs medial and lateral directly superior the hypogastric region (passes from left to right betwen the tubercles of the hip bones) -
2 Cytology- Study of cells
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Squamous Cell Shape
-thin, flat, scaly shape, often with a bulge where the nucleus is, like a fried egg "sunny side up"
-line the esophagus
-form surface layer (epidermis) of the skin -
Cuboidal Cell Shape
-squarish-looking in frontal tissue sections
-about equal in height and width
-liver cells good example -
Columnar Cell Shape
-distinctly taller than wide
-inner lining cells of the stomach and intestines
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