Summary: Human&animal Biology Module B
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Read the summary and the most important questions on HUMAN&ANIMAL BIOLOGY MODULE B
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1 Respiration
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Atmospheric pressure (Patm)
- Varies at height
- All other pressures are relative to this pressure -
Intrapleural pressure (Pip)
- pressure in intraplural space
- always negative value -
Local high CO2 concentration
- causes dilation -
Minute ventilation (Ve)
- the total amount of air inspired/expired in a minute (Vt*RR)
- RR=respiration rate -
Alveolar ventilation (Va)
- the amount of fresh air reaching alveoli every minute
- Va=(Vt*RR) -
2 Gas exchange and respiratory regulation
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Partial presssure of CO2 in systemic capillaries
- are the same as when it left the lung -
Mixed venous blood
- When different veins return in the atrium they therefore are mixed
- Thus, blood in the pulmonary artery is called mixed venous blood -
Po2 and Pco2 in alveoli
- is affected by- partial pressures of inspired air (dependent on altitude)
- minute alveolar ventilation
- consumption O2
- production CO2
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Hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve
-O2 binding depends on surroundingPo2
- HighPo2 facilitates binding
- LowPo2 facilitates release
- The curve has a S-shape because of the binding-ability ofO2 depends on already boundO2
- AsO2 is bound -> affinity increases -
PH (Bohr effect) hemoglobin
- As O2 binds tohemoglobin -> amino acids release H+ -> decrease PH -> decreaseaffinity
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