Mesoderm & skeleton
30 important questions on Mesoderm & skeleton
When does mesoderm formation take place, and from what does it develop?
- Epiblast cells form between epiblast and hypoblast to form intraembryonic mesoderm.
What controls the mesoderm cell-specification?
Where do the different muscle types develop from?
- Smooth muscles:
- in gut and derivatives: develop from visceral layer of lateral plate mesoderm
- pupil, mammary and sweat glands: ectoderm
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
How does the process of somite differentiation go?
- The ventral and medial part become mesenchymal, migrate around the neural tube and notochord (sclerotome)
- The dermamyotome forms
- Dorsomedial and ventrolateral cells become muscle cells
- The cells migrate medial and ventral
Which trancription factors play a crucial role in this process of somite differentiation?
- At the dorsomedial side, there are medium levels of BMP4 and high levels of Wnt
- At the ventrolateral side, there are high levels of BMP4 and medium levels of Wnt
What does the gradient of BMP4 and Shh also induce?
What are PAX genes important for?
- Development of dermatome
What is the role of Shh and FGF in somite differentiation?
- which cause the ventral part of the somite to become sclerotome
What is the role of PAX3 in somite differentiation?
What is the role of MYG5 in somite differentiation?
What is the role of MYOD in somite differentiation?
Why is there a split and combine in the sclerotome formation?
What does each somite induces?
How many sclerotome fuse in this process, and how many vertebrae are formed with this process?
- 7x vertebrae after
What does the notochord contribute to?
What kind of division can be made between the thoracic ribs?
- True ribs (1-7) connect to the sternum via their own cartilage
- False ribs (8-10) attach to the sternum via cartilage of other ribs
- Floating ribs (11-12) do not connect to the sternum
How is proved that cell fate in the to-be rib cells is already determined?
What are the three categories of defects on the spinal vertebrae?
- Congenital: process of splitting and fusion went wrong
- Idiopathic: unknown origin
- Neuromuscular: as a result of another disease
What nerves that run through the openings in the vertebrae innervate the muscles?
What are the peripheral nerves that pass through the openings of the vertebrae?
Why are the dorsal root ganglia not considered part of the CNS?
What are the two components of the skull?
- The neurocranium
- The viscerocranium
picture: viscerocranium
What does the neurocranium consist of?
- Membranous part (flat bones that surround the brain)
- Cartilaginous part (forms bones of) the base of the skull
What does the membranous neurocranium consist of?
- Neural crest cells
- Paraxial mesoderm
Mesenchym from neural crest cells and paraxial mesoderm undergo ossification without making cartilage.
What is the membranous neurocranium typified by?
How does the cartilaginous neurocranium form?
What does the growth of the skull depend on?
How are the separate flat bones of the skull connected to each other?
Where are the bones of the face formed from?
What are the three structures that form from the first two pharyngeal arches and give rise to the face?
- Mandibular prominence
- Maxillary prominence
- Nasal prominence
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
