Development of the brain - II
35 important questions on Development of the brain - II
What are the three layers of the meninges (meningeal coverings)?
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
In what space does the cerebrospinal fluid exist?
What is the problem in children with hydrocephaly?
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
What does the mnemonic 'Tel Die Messen Met My' stand for?
- Tel: Telencephalon, and Die: Diencephalon > forebrain
- Mes: Mesencephalon > midbrain
- Met: Metencephalon, My: Myencephalon > hindbrain
How does the development of the brain start?
Which rhombomeres form into the myencephalon, and what structure does it become?
Which rhombomeres give rise to the metencephalon, and what structure does it become?
What is cerebellar medulloblastoma, and how does it spread?
- Spreads through CSF to other parts of the brain
Which two systems are part of voluntary action?
- Afferent system: receptors/sensory fibers bring info to CNS
- Efferent system: effectors bring info from CNS to muscles
What did sensory neurons develop from?
Why are the sensory neurons or dorsal root ganglia considered to be part of the PNS?
How is the part at the ventral side of the spinal cord called, and what kind of neurons can be found there?
(SAMBa)
The spinal cord is structured in different areas, so with an alar plate and a basal plate. What is also structured in this way?
How is this division of alar plate and basal plate visible in the development of the rhombencephalon?
What is the red nucleus of the mesencephalon?
- It functions as an additional motor pathway
What is the clinical significance of the substantia nigra, another part of the mesencephalon?
- In Parkinson's disease, this is the part of neuronal loss
What part of the mesencephalon receives axons from the retinae, and what does this part contain?
- which also mediates ocular reflexes, it contains a 2D map representing half of the visual field
What part of the mesencephalon gets input from the cochlea
What happens when SC development is inhibited by, for example, a teratogen?
What are the three types of cortical areas in the telencephalon?
- Primary motor areas
- Primary sensory areas
- Association areas: interpreting sensory input and putting together a motor response
Where is the cerebral cortex located?
What can be visible in the cerebral cortex from all the body parts?
What are the three integrative centers of the cortex?
- General interpretive center (Wernicke's area) (combines information from different areas)
- Speech center (Broca's area) (muscle movement and breath patterns involved in speech)
- Prefrontal cortex (higher cognitive functions)
What are 3 disorders of the association cortex, and what areas are involved?
- Agnosia: inability to recognize familiar objects (problem in association areas)
- Apraxia: normal muscle function, but inability to execute voluntary movements (problem in motor and premotor areas)
- Aphasia: problems in language comprehension and production (problem in Broca's and Wernicke's area)
What is prefrontal cortex dysfunction involved in?
- ADHD
- Addiction
- Schizophrenia
What are the 4 main parts of the telencephalon or cerebrum?
- Cerebral cortex
- Hippocampus
- Basal ganglia
- Olfactory bulb
What is the function of the basal nuclei (or basal ganglia)?
Functions:
- Communication with diencephalon
- Receiving input from dopaminergic neurons of the mesencephalon (play a role in Parkinson's disease)
What is the role of basal nuclei in voluntary movement?
What are 3 diseases in which a problem in the basal nuclei plays a major role?
- Huntington's disease (loss of neurons in striatum)
- Hemibalism (CVA)
- Parkinson's disease (slowness of movement, loss of neurons in substantia nigra)
What are the two areas of the telencephalon that play a role in memory and emotional expression?
When does the amygdala get activated, and what suppresses this reaction?
- Suppressed by oxytocin
What 3 diseases are a result of a problem in the limbic system?
- Autism (problem in expressing emotion and affection)
- Urbach-Wiethe (inability to express fear)
- Alzheimer's disease (memory loss)
What are 3 glands that belong to the diencephalon?
- Pineal gland (melatonin production, light sensing, sleep rythm)
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland
What are functions of the hypothalamus?
- Regulate cardiac and smooth muscles, endocrine systems
- Goal-directed behaviour
- Hunger, thirst
- Body temperature
- Hormone secretion
How can you summarize the functions of the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain?
Midbrain: sensing and moving
Hindbrain: integration of info
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
