Brain, hormones, sexual differentiation

12 important questions on Brain, hormones, sexual differentiation

What is meant with prenatal tuning?

Prenatal tuning are internally generated tuning signals.

What happens to the heart beat of a child when the mother has told the same story to her unborn child every day?

The heart beat of the child goes down during the story.

What is meant with the critical period of plasticity? Also give an example.

The critical period of plasticity is the period where a defect can be corrected.
Example: if a human child has one weak eye, the doctor will sometimes place a patch of the stronger one, forcing the weaker eye to gain experience.
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What can you tell about grey matter during different stages of life?

Grey matter is important for good communication. Between age 4 and age 20 the cortex begins to thicken. When you get older you get less grey matter. This is probably because of synaptic pruning/cell loss.

The brain has an amazing ability to reorganize itself through new pathways and connections rapidly. How can this be accomplished?

  • Through practice
  • Stimulation as rehabilitation for stroke victims
  • After damage or injury undamaged neurons make new connections and take over functionality or establish new functions

What is the difference between teratogens and exposure to toxic substances?

You speak of teratogens when talking about prenatal life, postnatally you speak of exposure to toxic substances.

What is meant with a closed head injury?

A closed head injury refers to trauma that occurs when a sharp blow to the head drives the brain tissue against the inside wall of the skull.

How can the brain be recovered?

Using Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS).

What is Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)?

During Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) neurons in the target areas (due to neuronal death) are stimulated.

There has been a study with rats and injecting hormones. See the image. What can you conclude from this study?

The prenatal period shapes the sexual characteristics/morphology of the brain. Postnatal hormones are necessary for the 'right' behavior.

What is the difference in aphasias due to brain damage in women and men?

In women, aphasias occur more often when the brain damage is in the front of the brain. In men, these disorders occur when the damage is in the back of the brain.
In addition, females have a more bilateral representation of language than males.

What is important to know about intra-uterine exposure to abnormal hormone levels?

When having a twin (boy and girl) the testosterone that the male secretes may go to the female of the twin. This causes the female to be more experience seeking.

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